Geography Paper 2 November 2025

1. Ametamorphic
2. Bintrusive igneous
3. Csedimentary
4. Digneous

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1. Amarble
2. Bquartzite
3. Cgraphite
4. Dgneiss

1. Acoal
2. Blimestone
3. Csandstone
4. Dgranite

1. Athe wind blows hardest at the top of the pillar, where it is least sheltered
2. Brain running down the pillar dissolves the rock fastest at its base
3. Cthe rock platform beneath the pillar is slowly rising and lifting it above the ground
4. Dwind-blown sand travels mostly by saltation, so abrasion is strongest near the ground

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1. Asolution
2. Bsaltation
3. Csuspension
4. Dsurface creep

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1. Aflooding of homes, fields and roads when the river overtops its banks
2. Ba permanent shortage of water for the household and for its livestock
3. Csoils too shallow and stony to be ploughed for any kind of crop
4. Dbeing too far from a road or market to sell any of their produce

1. Adigging brick moulding pits in the wet soil along the bank
2. Bclearing away the vegetation growing along the river banks
3. Cbuilding dykes and embankments and moving houses off the floodplain
4. Dplanting maize right up to the very edge of the river channel itself

1. Animbostratus
2. Bcumulonimbus
3. Ccirrus
4. Dcumulus

1. Acumulus
2. Bcumulonimbus
3. Ccirrus
4. Dnimbostratus

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1. Animbostratus
2. Bcumulonimbus
3. Ccumulus
4. Dcirrus

1. Alevel ground makes the site easier to reach by vehicle each day
2. Bbuildings and trees shelter the instruments and distort the readings
3. Copen ground is the only place where a fence may be erected
4. Dthe instruments cannot be read at all when they stand in the shade of a tree

1. Aa tropical cyclone
2. Ba mid latitude depression
3. Can anticyclone
4. Da land and sea breeze

1. Amoving outwards along the surface of the open sea below
2. Bfreezing into ice crystals close to sea level
3. Cdescending, which warms it and clears away the cloud
4. Drising rapidly and condensing into towering cloud

1. Aa fine, still day with high pressure and a haze over the sea
2. Btorrential rain, violent wind and very low atmospheric pressure
3. Cclear skies, light winds and steadily rising atmospheric pressure
4. Dcold, dry weather with frost forming during the night

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1. Ameasuring rainfall with a standard raingauge
2. Bwatching ants carry their eggs to higher ground
3. Creading a barometer kept in a Stevenson screen
4. Ddownloading a satellite image of the cloud cover

1. Aa representation of part of the earth's surface, drawn to scale on a flat surface
2. Ba photograph of the ground taken vertically from an aircraft flying in level flight
3. Ca written description of all the features that are found in an area
4. Da three dimensional model built to show the relief of a district

1. Aa key, a grid, a contour and a photograph
2. Ba title, a scale, a north arrow and a key
3. Ca title, a photograph, a signature and a date
4. Da scale, a compass, a ruler and a protractor

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1. Aone hour
2. Bfour minutes
3. Cfifteen minutes
4. Dtwenty four hours

1. Aa statement scale written in words
2. Ba linear scale
3. Ca vertical scale
4. Da representative fraction

1. Ashows the height of the land above sea level as well as distance
2. Bgives the direction of north as well as the distance between places
3. Cenlarges or reduces along with the map when the map is copied
4. Dcan be used only with distances that are given in kilometres

1. Athe cost of the equipment and imagery, and the shortage of trained specialists
2. Bthe absence of any land in the country that would be worth imaging
3. Cthe country's position, too far south to be covered by any orbiting satellites
4. Dthe fact that no software exists anywhere for processing such images

1. Areplacing satellite images with hand-drawn field sketches
2. Busing free satellite imagery and open-source GIS software
3. Cbuying a dedicated satellite for the country's own use
4. Dpaying a licence fee for every image that is downloaded

1. Awater, soil, rocks, air and light
2. Bvegetation, animals, soil and air
3. Cwater, animals, rocks and light
4. Dsoil, rocks, vegetation and water

1. Alight and water
2. Bvegetation and animals
3. Cwater and soil in the ground
4. Drocks and air

1. Awaterlogged ground carrying reeds and sedges, with the water table near the surface
2. Bdeep, well drained sandy soils carrying widely scattered thorn trees and short grass
3. Cbare rock swept clean of soil by the wind and by running water
4. Da closed canopy of tall evergreen trees standing on buttress roots

1. Adries out completely each winter and refills again at the first rains
2. Bholds water only during the time when the river beside it is in flood
3. Cstores water in the wet season and releases it slowly through the dry season
4. Dabsorbs all the rain falling on it, so that no stream flows out of it at all

1. Acutting a few reeds for thatching each year
2. Bdraining and building houses and roads across it
3. Cwalking across it on a footpath to the nearest bus stop
4. Dfishing in the open water towards its centre

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1. Athey forbid cutting and hunting there, so vegetation and wildlife are left undisturbed
2. Bthey set a price that has to be paid to the chief before any tree growing there may be cut
3. Cthey require every household to plant a tree at the start of the rainy season
4. Dthey allow only the chief and his own family to use the resource in question

1. Athe animal is fed by members of the clan throughout the dry season
2. Bthat species is protected everywhere the members of the clan live
3. Cthe animal is bred in captivity and then released into the wild
4. Dhunting of that species is licensed and taxed by the local chief

1. Aa plantation of exotic trees grown for timber and for fencing poles
2. Bseveral adjoining properties managed jointly as one unit for wildlife
3. Ca state-owned national park administered by the Parks Authority itself
4. Da fenced paddock in which cattle are grazed in rotation

1. Asafari operators are required to employ every adult in the ward as a game scout
2. Bthe rural district council sells the quota and passes a share to the producer wards
3. Ceach household hunts its own quota and sells the trophy directly to a foreign buyer
4. Dthe Parks Authority pays a fixed annual grant to every village in the district

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1. Ahave rivers that are longer than any river found in Zimbabwe
2. Beat fish, whereas fish is never eaten at all in Zimbabwe or Zambia
3. Creceive far more rainfall each year than the other countries do
4. Dhave ocean coastlines and access to rich offshore fishing grounds

1. Athe highest rainfall recorded in any part of southern Africa
2. Ba fish farming industry that is supported by imported feed
3. CLake Malawi, one of the largest freshwater lakes in Africa
4. Da fleet of ocean-going trawlers based in a neighbouring port

1. Abuilding a large dam on the nearest perennial river in the area
2. Bsupplying every household with bottled drinking water each week
3. Cdrilling boreholes fitted with hand pumps and maintaining them
4. Dlaying a piped network to every single homestead in the district

1. Ahouseholds would rather draw their water from the nearest river
2. Bthe boreholes have all been drilled too close together in one place
3. Cthere is no maintenance system or trained pump minder to repair them
4. Dthe groundwater beneath the whole district has been permanently exhausted

1. Ais carried on without a licence or claim, and pays no royalty or tax
2. Buses heavy machinery bought on credit from a foreign supplier
3. Ctakes place only inside the boundaries of a national park
4. Dis confined to minerals of a very low value for each tonne that is mined

1. Aoccurs only at the ground surface and so needs no digging at all
2. Bis the only mineral in Zimbabwe for which no licence is required
3. Ccannot be traced at all once it has been dug out of the ground and sold
4. Dis worth a great deal for each gramme and sells for cash the same day

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1. ARenco in Masvingo and Kamativi
2. BShabani and Mashava in the midlands
3. CBindura and Trojan in Mashonaland Central
4. DSengwa in Gokwe and Lubu in Binga

1. Athe national park nearby attracts the tourists who buy most of the coal
2. Bthe mine stands on the coal seams themselves, because coal is bulky and costly to move
3. Cthe mine lies close to the Bulawayo market, which sets the price that the colliery can charge
4. Dthe district has a large supply of labour already trained in coal mining

1. Acarries a heavy, low value mineral cheaply in bulk to its market
2. Bis the only route by which the workers can reach the mine at all
3. Csupplies the water that the mine needs for washing its coal
4. Dmarks the boundary of the national park beside the coalfield

1. Afailure of the winding gear that hoists the ore to the surface
2. Bcollapse of the shaft or the workings, burying the miners inside
3. Cdust inhalation, causing silicosis over a period of very many years
4. Dexcessive heat and humidity in the deepest levels of the mine

1. Asupporting the stopes with timber and with steel roof props
2. Bissuing every miner with a helmet and a pair of safety boots
3. Cpumping water continuously out of the lowest level of the mine
4. Dinstalling mechanical ventilation and gas detection equipment

1. Athe deeper soils on the gentler slopes, where crops will grow well
2. Bthe steepest and stoniest ground, which is of no other use
3. Cthe waterlogged vlei, because it holds moisture all year round
4. Dthe highest ground, so that the homesteads all stand clear of floods

1. Apoorer, shallower or steeper land that is unsuited to the plough
2. Bthe flattest and the most fertile land in the whole of the village
3. Cthe wetland lying at the head of the nearest perennial stream
4. Dthe land lying immediately around the village homesteads

1. Aincreases the total amount of rainfall that the area receives each season
2. Bguarantees that every household is given an equal area of arable land
3. Cremoves the need for any soil conservation works to be built at all
4. Dputs each activity on the land best suited to it and prevents conflict

1. Aevery one of the four provinces shows the same level of insecurity
2. Bthe higher a province's production, the lower its food insecurity
3. Cthe higher a province's production, the higher its food insecurity
4. Dproduction and food insecurity vary quite independently of each other

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1. Aclosest to the capital city and to its markets for farm produce
2. Bon the deepest and most fertile red soils in the country
3. Cin the hot, dry natural regions IV and V, on Kalahari sands
4. Din the wettest natural region of the country, region I

1. Aselling the household's draught oxen in order to buy a tractor
2. Bdestocking, so that animal numbers match the carrying capacity
3. Cploughing up the grazing land and planting it to maize
4. Dfencing every homestead to keep the cattle inside the village

1. Aallows the grazing land to be ploughed and cropped instead
2. Bprovides feed through the dry season, when the grazing fails
3. Cincreases the milk yield of the herd during the rains themselves
4. Dremoves the need to water the cattle at all in the dry season

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1. Atertiary industry
2. Bquaternary industry
3. Cprimary industry
4. Dsecondary industry

1. Atertiary industry
2. Bquaternary industry
3. Csecondary industry
4. Dprimary industry

1. Aquaternary industry
2. Btertiary industry
3. Cprimary industry
4. Dsecondary industry

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1. Ascrap metal alone is melted down and cast into new products
2. Bthe ore is mined and then shipped abroad to be smelted elsewhere
3. Cevery stage from smelting the ore to rolling finished steel is done on one site
4. Diron ore is smelted here and the pig iron is then sold on to other works elsewhere

1. Airon ore, bauxite and sand
2. Bcoal, copper ore and clay
3. Climestone, timber and gypsum
4. Diron ore, coke and limestone

1. Asupply the carbon that reduces the iron ore to metallic iron
2. Braise the temperature of the air that is blasted into the furnace
3. Charden the finished steel as it cools down in the casting mould
4. Dcombine with the impurities in the ore and carry them off as slag

1. Acool the metal down quickly so that it can then be cast into moulds
2. Bseparate the iron from the limestone flux that was added
3. Cburn off the excess carbon and the impurities that remain
4. Dadd carbon to the iron so that the metal becomes harder

1. Athe government's refusal to allow any goods at all to be imported
2. Bobsolete plant, shortages of foreign currency and unreliable power
3. Ca fall in the number of people living in the country's larger cities
4. Dan oversupply of skilled engineers looking for work in factories

1. Araising the rate of interest charged on all industrial borrowing
2. Bincreasing the utility tariffs paid by industrial consumers
3. Cremoving the standards that imported goods have to meet
4. Dre-capitalising the factories with new plant and reliable power

1. Acoal, petrol and paraffin
2. Bsand, gravel and cement
3. Ciron ore, coke and crushed limestone from a quarry
4. Dcattle dung, human waste and kitchen scraps

1. Asolar, wind, hydro and geothermal
2. Bcoal, oil, natural gas and uranium
3. Csolar, coal, wind and paraffin
4. Dhydro, wind, diesel and biogas

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1. Abacteria break down the organic matter in a sealed chamber that no air can reach
2. Bthe slurry is heated throughout the day by a fire lit underneath the sealed chamber
3. Cthe dung reacts chemically with the water added to it in the mixing tank
4. Dair blown in through the inlet pipe oxidises the organic matter inside

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1. Acosts nothing at all to install at the homestead in the first place
2. Bcan be stored in a cylinder and carried wherever it is needed
3. Cworks just as well when no dung at all is supplied to the plant
4. Dburns without smoke, so indoor air pollution is greatly reduced

1. Agives a gas that is unsafe to burn in an ordinary kitchen stove
2. Bworks only where the household is already connected to the grid
3. Ccosts a great deal to build and needs a steady supply of dung
4. Dproduces a slurry that cannot be put to any use whatsoever

1. Awidening the road so that vehicles can travel much faster
2. Bimporting more vehicles so as to reduce the waiting time
3. Cmoving bulk freight off the roads and onto the railway
4. Dfitting larger fuel tanks to long distance haulage trucks

1. Athe vehicle then carries a lighter load on every journey it makes
2. Bthe fuel evaporates far more slowly out of a fuel tank that has been serviced
3. Cthe engine is then able to run on a cheaper grade of fuel entirely
4. Da well maintained engine and correctly inflated tyres waste less energy

1. Aploughing across it so that the loose soil falls back down into the channel
2. Bfencing it off and leaving it to fill with runoff from the field above
3. Cchannelling more runoff into it so that its sides are washed smooth
4. Dpacking it with brushwood, stones and gabions and planting vetiver grass

1. Aburning the crop residues and ploughing the ash under
2. Bcropping the same field with maize every single season
3. Cgrazing the field with as many cattle as it will hold
4. Dapplying manure and rotating the crop with a legume

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe hydrosphere
2. Bthe biosphere
3. Cthe atmosphere
4. Dthe lithosphere

1. Aholds the mineral deposits that are mined and then sold for export
2. Bfilters out the harmful ultra violet radiation from the sun
3. Csupplies the timber and the thatching grass used in building
4. Dsupplies drinking water and irrigation, and is a habitat for fish

1. Aprovides the soil in which crops and natural vegetation grow
2. Bsupplies the carbon dioxide that plants need to photosynthesise
3. Cstores the rain that falls as clouds above the cultivated fields
4. Dcarries the fish and other aquatic life that people catch and eat

1. Aguarantees that every development which is approved will succeed
2. Bzones fragile wetlands and stream banks out of cultivation and settlement
3. Cincreases the total area of the arable land that is available to a district
4. Dremoves the need to carry out an environmental impact assessment

1. Ano law anywhere allows a council to zone its own land for any particular use
2. Bwetlands are too small to appear on a land use plan in the first place
3. Cplanners always place the housing on the wettest land that is available
4. Dthe plan is not enforced, and poverty drives people to build there anyway

1. Athe number of births minus the number of deaths in a year
2. Bthe number of live births in a year for every 1 000 people
3. Cthe number of children born to each woman in her lifetime
4. Dthe number of live births in a year for every 1 000 adult women

1. Abefore their first birthday, for every 1 000 live births in a year
2. Bbefore the age of five, for every 1 000 people in the population
3. Cduring a year, for every 1 000 women who are of childbearing age
4. Dat birth, expressed as a percentage of all the deaths in that year

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1. Athe number of births during the year
2. Bthe number of deaths during the year
3. Cthe size of the total population itself
4. Dmigration into and out of the country

1. Aa low birth rate and a long life expectancy
2. Bmore men than women in every single age group
3. Can ageing population and very few young children
4. Da high birth rate and a short life expectancy

1. Aevery adult in the country is already employed in the formal sector of work
2. Bthe crude birth rate and the crude death rate are exactly equal to each other
3. Ca large number of children must be supported by a smaller working population
4. Dthe elderly outnumber the working population in every province of the country

1. Abuilding more maternity wards at each one of the district hospitals
2. Braising the rate of tax charged on imported tinned baby food
3. Cincreasing the number of clinics operating in the capital city
4. Dkeeping girls in school for longer and raising the age of marriage

1. Athe mosquito that carries the parasite is found only inside the cities
2. Bmalaria cannot be diagnosed without sending samples out of the country
3. Clarge low-lying areas stay hot and wet enough for the mosquito to breed
4. Dno drug exists that is able to treat a case of malaria once it develops

1. Ahouseholds use them for fishing or for fencing instead of sleeping under them
2. Bthe nets attract more mosquitoes into the house during the course of the night
3. Cthe insecticide used to treat the nets is harmful to very young children
4. Dthe mosquitoes in those districts bite only during the hours of daylight

1. Athe record of all money flowing into the country against all money flowing out
2. Bthe difference between the value of its visible exports and its visible imports
3. Cthe total value of all the goods and services it produces during a year
4. Dthe amount of foreign currency being held in reserve by its central bank

1. Amoney spent inside the country by foreign tourists
2. Btobacco sold at the auction floors and shipped abroad
3. Cgold refined in the country and sold to an overseas buyer
4. Dplatinum concentrate railed out of the country through Beitbridge

1. Aa processed product earns far more for each unit than the raw ore does
2. Braw ore cannot legally be sold to any overseas buyer under any conditions
3. Cit reduces the amount of the mineral that has to be mined in the first place
4. Dit removes the need to employ any labour at all at the mine site itself

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Anumbers fell in every year, with the largest single fall between 2017 and 2018
2. Bnumbers rose steadily until 2018 and then fell away very sharply after that year
3. Cnumbers stayed level until 2018 before falling to 5 000 in the year 2020
4. Dnumbers fell until 2018 and then recovered slightly by the year 2020

1. Athe fares charged were far higher than any bus fare on the route
2. Bno town in the country is served by a railway line any longer
3. Cworn track and old coaches made the service slow and unreliable
4. Dthe government banned all passenger trains on the main lines

1. Acarry freight as well as passengers on every single trip that they make now
2. Brun more often, travel faster and set down closer to the destination
3. Ccharge no fare at all on the routes where the railway also runs
4. Dare owned and operated by the railway company itself these days

1. Aclosing the workshops at Bulawayo in order to reduce the wage bill
2. Blimiting the railway to carrying passengers rather than any freight
3. Crecapitalising it with new locomotives and wagons and rebuilt track
4. Draising passenger fares until they match the level charged by buses