Geography Paper 2 June 2025

1. Arescue survivors immediately after a disaster strikes
2. Brebuild homes and infrastructure after a disaster has passed
3. Creduce the severity or impact of a hazard before it strikes
4. Dcompensate victims financially once a disaster is over

1. Athey attract tourists and support photographic safaris
2. Bthey prevent all forms of soil erosion nationwide
3. Cthey eliminate the need for irrigation in nearby fields
4. Dthey lower rainfall totals across the surrounding district

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1. Aunusually low humidity drying out the soil surface
2. Ba sudden drop in atmospheric pressure over the ocean alone
3. Cprolonged or very heavy rainfall exceeding the ground's ability to absorb it
4. Da long period without any rainfall at all

1. Aincreases the amount of natural vegetation available to absorb water
2. Bremoves the natural water storage and drainage the land once provided
3. Craises the elevation of the land above the maximum flood level
4. Dimproves the soil's capacity to infiltrate rainfall quickly

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1. Aa reduction in the number of water-borne diseases
2. Ba permanent increase in the local water table depth
3. Cimproved soil fertility across the flooded farmland
4. Ddamage to vehicles, property and risk to human life

1. Araises the temperature of stored drinking water
2. Breduces the number of mosquitoes breeding nearby
3. Cincreases the salinity of household drinking water
4. Dcontaminates water supplies with sewage and waste

1. Aincreasing cultivation right up to the steepest part of the slope
2. Bafforesting the slope so that roots bind the soil together
3. Cdigging deep, unlined pits into the base of the slope
4. Dremoving all vegetation to expose the bare rock surface

1. Asteep slopes receive the least rainfall of any land in the area
2. Bbuilding regulations do not apply above a certain elevation
3. Csteep slopes always have the most fertile soil in a district
4. Dthe risk of collapse or landslide there endangers lives and property

1. Ahumid continental climate
2. Btropical equatorial climate
3. Cpolar tundra climate
4. DMediterranean climate

1. Alatitude, since equatorial areas receive more concentrated, near-overhead insolation
2. Bocean currents, which only reach coastal areas near the poles
3. Ccloud cover, which is permanently absent at the equator
4. Daltitude, since equatorial land lies at a lower average elevation

1. Aland heats and cools more slowly than water, moderating nearby temperatures
2. Bcoastal areas receive no cloud cover at any time of year
3. Ccontinental interiors are always found at a higher altitude
4. Dwater heats and cools more slowly than land, moderating nearby temperatures

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1. Amaritime and moisture-laden, having travelled over the ocean
2. Bpolar and cold, originating from high southern latitudes
3. Cstationary, remaining fixed over the ocean at all times
4. Dcontinental and dry, having travelled entirely over land

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1. Aoceanic and warm, absorbing moisture from the Indian Ocean
2. Bcontinental and dry, bringing stable, largely rainless conditions
3. Cmaritime and humid, capable of heavy convectional rainfall
4. Dequatorial and unstable, rising rapidly to form thunderstorms

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1. Alow pressure troughs where air rises and cloud forms
2. Bfrontal zones where two different air masses collide
3. Cmonsoon depressions unique to the Indian Ocean coast
4. Danticyclones, where air sinks and spirals outward

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1. Adate palms, which require a hot desert climate
2. Btea, coffee and deciduous fruit, which need cooler conditions
3. Csugar cane and cotton, which need very high temperatures
4. Dmillet and sorghum, grown mainly in the hot lowveld

1. Apermanently raising the soil's water-holding capacity
2. Bincreasing the length of the growing season available to them
3. Ccausing crop failure part-way through the growing season
4. Deliminating the need for any irrigation in future seasons

1. Ahut
2. Bbridge
3. Cchurch
4. Ddip tank

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1. Ared
2. Bblack
3. Cblue
4. Dgreen

1. Apreventing all rainfall variation across the park's different zones
2. Beliminating the cost of maintaining roads within the park
3. Cmapping and tracking wildlife movement to direct ranger patrols against poaching
4. Dreplacing the need for any rangers to patrol the park on foot

1. Atelevision remote controls and thermal imaging
2. Btreating cancer through targeted radiotherapy
3. Cbroadcasting radio and television programmes
4. Dsterilising medical equipment in hospitals

1. Aimage bones and detect fractures in medicine
2. Bcarry mobile phone signals between towers
3. Cprovide the light by which people see objects
4. Dcook food quickly inside a microwave oven

1. AGIS systems requiring no electricity or internet connection
2. Bthe very high cost of software, hardware and satellite imagery
3. Can oversupply of specialists trained in GIS and remote sensing
4. Dthe complete absence of any land worth mapping at all

1. Ause free, open-source GIS software and freely available imagery
2. Brestrict GIS training to only one specialist nationwide
3. Cpay a licence fee for every image downloaded from abroad
4. Dbuy a dedicated national satellite for exclusive use

1. Aniche
2. Bhabitat
3. Cbiome
4. Dtrophic level

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1. Aurbanisation
2. Bweathering of the parent rock
3. Cdeforestation
4. Dovergrazing

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1. Athe wetter, north-central highveld around Harare and Gweru
2. Bthe drier south, south-west and much of the communal lands
3. Cthe Eastern Highlands bordering Mozambique
4. Dthe shores of Lake Kariba in the extreme north-west

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1. Afall in higher-rainfall regions with better-managed commercial farmland
2. Blie in the drier natural regions IV and V
3. Chave no livestock or cultivation of any kind
4. Dreceive no rainfall at all during the year

1. Achannel more runoff into it to smooth its sides
2. Bleave it completely undisturbed for at least twenty years
3. Cplough directly across it so loose soil falls into the channel
4. Dpack it with brushwood, stones and gabions, and plant vetiver grass

1. Aabsorb all rainfall so that no water ever leaves them
2. Bstore water in the wet season and release it slowly in the dry season
3. Cprevent any vegetation at all from growing within them
4. Ddry out completely every year and never hold water

1. Aan oversupply of land, leaving wetlands completely unused
2. Ba total absence of any legal framework anywhere protecting wetlands
3. Cstream-bank and wetland cultivation driven by food insecurity
4. Dstrict, fully enforced protection that leaves no room for settlement

1. Aonly during the rainy season each year
2. Bexclusively for export rather than domestic consumption
3. Cat a rate that meets present needs without depleting it for future generations
4. Das quickly as possible to maximise short-term profit

1. Aaccelerated soil erosion on the newly bared land
2. Ba permanent rise in the local water table
3. Can increase in the area of natural forest nationwide
4. Dincreased infiltration of rainfall into the soil

1. Atoilet flushing, at 100 litres a day
2. Bbathing, at 60 litres a day
3. Cdrinking, at 12 litres a day
4. Dcooking, at 10 litres a day

1. Areduce the number of times a household cooks each day
2. Bstop drinking tap water altogether
3. Ctake shorter baths using a bucket instead of a shower
4. Dfit a low-flush toilet and reuse grey water for flushing

1. Apermanently raising the water table across the whole city
2. Beliminating any risk of groundwater contamination
3. Cincreasing the depth of every river channel nearby
4. Dlowering the water table so shallower wells and boreholes run dry

1. Aautomatically restock rivers with fish without any management
2. Bpermanently prevent any downstream flooding from occurring
3. Cstore water for irrigation, domestic use and hydro-electric power
4. Deliminate the need for any rainfall in the surrounding catchment

1. Agiving communities a direct financial stake in protecting wildlife
2. Brelocating all wildlife into a single fenced national park
3. Cbanning all hunting and photographic tourism nationwide
4. Dremoving wildlife management entirely from local communities

1. Aguarantees that no animal will ever die of natural causes
2. Bremoves the need for any community involvement in conservation
3. Cincreases the number of safari hunting licences issued each year
4. Ddirectly discourages illegal killing of protected wildlife

1. Aa minimum shareholding in mining companies is held by indigenous Zimbabweans
2. Ball foreign investment in mining is banned outright
3. Cmining companies pay no tax to the government
4. Donly companies based in Harare may hold a mining licence

1. Aprevents any local citizen from being employed in a mine
2. Bguarantees mining companies never pay dividends to shareholders
3. Cremoves government revenue from mining entirely
4. Densures local citizens benefit directly from mineral wealth through ownership

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1. Apolice battle, at 1%
2. Bexplosives, at 10%
3. Cmurder, at 24%
4. Drockfall, at 65%

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1. A11%
2. B66%
3. C75%
4. D89%

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1. Arockfall in an unsupported shaft
2. Bmurder linked to gang activity at the mine
3. Can accident involving explosives
4. Dsuffocation from poor ventilation underground

1. Aa guaranteed reduction in local unemployment forever
2. Bthe complete elimination of child labour nationwide
3. Ca permanent increase in the level of school attendance
4. Dgrowth of crime, gang violence and substance abuse around mining settlements

1. Arelaxing border and customs controls on mineral exports
2. Blowering the price Fidelity Gold Refinery pays for gold
3. Cremoving all buying centres from mining communities
4. Doffering competitive, prompt payment through formal gold buying channels

1. Athe deeper soils on gentler slopes best suited to cropping
2. Bthe steepest and stoniest ground unsuited to any other use
3. Cthe wetland lying at the head of the nearest stream
4. Dland reserved exclusively for grazing livestock

1. Aremoves the need for any soil conservation measures
2. Bincreases the total annual rainfall an area receives
3. Cputs each activity on the land best suited to it and reduces conflict
4. Dguarantees every household an identical amount of arable land

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1. Ahave good rainfall, pasture and access to urban milk markets
2. Bare the furthest possible distance from any processing plant
3. Chave no road or rail links to any major city
4. Dlie in the hot, dry natural regions IV and V

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1. Afalls in a hotter, drier natural region suited more to ranching than dairying
2. Bhas no cattle of any kind, dairy or beef
3. Chas the country's best dairy pasture and coolest climate
4. Dis closest to Harare's fresh milk processing plants

1. Aurban areas have the coolest climate in the country
2. Brural roads are always better than urban roads
3. Cfresh milk is highly perishable and needs rapid delivery
4. Dmilk cannot be produced anywhere far from a city

1. Apermanently increasing the size of the national herd
2. Bremoving the need for any cattle movement restrictions
3. Cguaranteeing higher export sales of dairy products
4. Dreducing milk yield and increasing veterinary costs

1. Aguarantees a farmer never needs to use any pesticide again
2. Ballows the same pest population to build up year after year
3. Cbreaks the life cycle of pests and diseases specific to one crop
4. Dremoves the need for farmers to ever monitor their fields

1. Aoperates in many countries with a huge annual turnover
2. Bis publicly listed on international stock exchanges
3. Crequires relatively little start-up capital and is often family run
4. Dalways employs several thousand workers worldwide

1. Ahas a turnover smaller than most small local businesses
2. Boperates in more than one country with very large amounts of capital
3. Coperates in a single country and serves only the local market
4. Drelies entirely on manual labour with no advanced technology

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1. Aan oversupply of formal storage facilities at every site
2. Bovercrowding and a lack of proper, designated trading space
3. Cguaranteed, unlimited access to bank credit
4. Dcomplete protection from theft and loss of goods

1. Arestrict all SMEs from accessing any form of credit
2. Bremove SMEs from any designated trading sites
3. Cprovide affordable microfinance and business management training
4. Dincrease the cost and complexity of business registration

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1. Ait requires no skilled personnel to operate safely
2. Bthe radioactive waste it produces is dangerous for thousands of years
3. Cit produces large amounts of carbon dioxide during generation
4. Dit cannot generate electricity reliably at any time of year

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1. Aimpermeable, trapping the oil and gas beneath it
2. Bthe most porous layer in the entire rock sequence
3. Clocated below the water layer at the base of the trap
4. Ddrilled through first before reaching any oil at all

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1. Agas is denser than both the oil and the water below it
2. Bgas is the lightest of the three fluids in the trap
3. Cgas cannot mix with oil under any underground conditions
4. Dthe reservoir rock actively repels gas towards the surface

1. Aconveyor belt
2. Boverhead cable car
3. Cpipeline
4. Dirrigation canal

1. Ahas no lasting effect on marine or coastal habitats
2. Bkills marine wildlife and destroys coastal habitats
3. Cincreases the population of fish in the affected area
4. Dimproves water quality for coastal communities

1. Aremove all environmental regulations on drilling and refining
2. Bstop capturing gas that would otherwise be flared at oil sites
3. Cshift towards renewable sources such as solar, wind and hydro power
4. Dincrease the number of fossil fuel power stations built each year

1. Abuilding as many houses as possible on any available land
2. Ballocating different areas of land to different uses in an organised way
3. Cselling all communal land to private commercial farmers
4. Dremoving all agricultural land from a country's cities

1. Agrazing land used by a communal farming community
2. Ba government ministry office block
3. Ca shopping mall in the central business district
4. Da factory manufacturing steel products

1. Aa factory located in an industrial zone of a city
2. Ba wetland reserved from cultivation
3. Cwoodland kept for firewood and grazing
4. Da homestead in a rural village

1. Afully funding every local authority's waste collection service
2. Bremoving the need for any environmental impact assessments
3. Craising public awareness of environmental issues through campaigns
4. Dcompletely eliminating illegal dumping in every city

1. Aa complete absence of any legal mandate to act
2. Btoo few cities requiring any environmental monitoring
3. Can oversupply of trained enforcement staff nationwide
4. Dunder-funding and weak enforcement capacity relative to the scale of the problem

1. Athe pattern of how people are spread out across an area
2. Bthe number of children who die before their first birthday
3. Cthe total number of people living in a country
4. Dthe rate at which a population is growing each year

1. Apeople migrating into a country per 1 000 residents
2. Bdeaths of people over 65 per 1 000 elderly residents
3. Cchildren who die before their first birthday per 1 000 live births
4. Dlive births per 1 000 people in a population each year

1. Athe make of a household's television set
2. Bthe number of neighbours a household has
3. Cage and sex structure of household members
4. Dthe exact colour of a household's roof

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1. Aa high, stable birth rate and a high, stable death rate
2. Ba low, stable death rate and a rapidly falling birth rate
3. Ca birth rate lower than the death rate throughout the stage
4. Dboth birth and death rates rising steeply together

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1. Amigration into the country increases sharply in stage 3
2. Bboth the birth rate and the death rate are rising together
3. Cthe death rate is still higher than the birth rate
4. Dthe birth rate remains above the falling death rate, widening the gap

1. Adrought and famine in the area a person is leaving
2. Bpolitical instability in a person's home region
3. Clack of employment opportunities at home
4. Dbetter employment opportunities at the destination

1. Astop washing hands regularly to save water
2. Bwear face masks and maintain social distancing in public places
3. Chold large indoor gatherings without any restrictions
4. Davoid all forms of vaccination against the disease

1. Aa commuter omnibus (kombi) on a city road
2. Ba cable car across a mountain range
3. Ca hot air balloon for daily commuting
4. Da canal barge on an inland waterway

1. Aincreases the risk of theft and damage to goods in transit
2. Ballows easy transfer of cargo between ship, rail and road without repacking
3. Crequires goods to be repacked at every port along the route
4. Dincreases the time needed to load and unload cargo

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1. Ashrinking economy with falling foreign reserves
2. Btrade surplus and is a net exporter
3. Ctrade deficit and is a net importer
4. Dbalanced trade position with no surplus or deficit

1. Aclosed economy with no imports or exports at all
2. Btrade deficit, spending more on imports than it earns from exports
3. Ctrade surplus, earning more from exports than it spends on imports
4. Dzero balance of trade, since imports and exports are identical

1. Aremove all traffic lights from busy road intersections
2. Bremove all public bus and commuter services from the city
3. Cimprove and promote mass public transport to reduce private car use
4. Dconcentrate all offices and shops into one small central area