Geography Paper 2 November 2016

1. AIncreased risk of earthquakes damaging infrastructure such as roads, bridges and buildings
2. BVolcanic areas often have fertile, mineral-rich soils that are good for farming
3. CFrequent risk of lava flows destroying property, crops and infrastructure across the settled area
4. DAsh fall polluting nearby water sources and rendering them unsafe for drinking or irrigation

1. AWind erosion carving the exposed rock into rounded shapes over a comparatively short geological period
2. BDeposition of successive sediment layers gradually building up rounded mounds on the open plain
3. CRapid cooling of surface lava flowing across the open plain after an eruption, producing columnar basalt structures at the surface
4. DPressure release causing exfoliation along joints, followed by weathering that leaves rounded corestones standing

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AHot desert climate
2. BMediterranean climate
3. CTropical continental (savanna) climate
4. DEquatorial climate

1. ATheir industries do not use any fossil fuels at all, relying entirely on renewable, non-polluting energy sources instead of coal, oil or gas
2. BCarbon dioxide emissions have no link whatsoever to their economic output or industrial production levels
3. CThey have no large populations at all depending on energy-intensive industries for jobs or income
4. DThey rely heavily on fossil fuels to power large industrial economies, and cutting emissions could raise costs and slow growth

1. ASmall, waxy leaves that reduce water loss through transpiration in hot, dry conditions
2. BDeep tap roots that reach groundwater far below a permanently dry surface layer
3. CBroad leaves with drip tips that shed the heavy, constant rainfall quickly
4. DThick, water-storing stems that allow the plant to survive long periods of severe drought

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1. AThe complete elimination of the need for conservation areas anywhere in the affected region
2. BA guaranteed increase in reliable rainfall in every region, regardless of existing climate patterns
3. CA guaranteed, permanent increase in biodiversity in every single area regardless of local conditions
4. DShifting of vegetation zones and species ranges as conditions change

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1. ADeveloped countries stopped using energy entirely after 1990, closing down all their industries
2. BDeveloping countries' populations and economies shrank steadily after 1990, reducing their overall energy needs and industrial output year after year
3. CDeveloping countries industrialised rapidly and needed much more energy, while developed countries became more energy-efficient
4. DWorld total energy consumption fell all the way to zero by 2009, ending industrial production everywhere

1. AFunding afforestation programmes and anti-poaching/wildlife conservation initiatives
2. BDistributing all the funds as personal gifts to individual committee members rather than the wider community
3. CFunding activities that encourage illegal, unmanaged mining across the community's protected resource areas
4. DRemoving all environmental education programmes from the community to save money for other uses

1. AFarming that produces only slow-maturing crops, harvested just once every ten years or so
2. BSmall-scale, intensive farming located close to urban markets, relying heavily on irrigation
3. CLarge-scale, extensive farming located far from any market, with low inputs per hectare
4. DFarming that uses no irrigation at all and depends entirely on unpredictable seasonal rainfall

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1. AOnly when highland pasture is completely exhausted, with no seasonal pattern
2. BThe dry season, when highland pasture withers and the valleys and floodplains still hold water and residual grazing
3. CThe wet season, following the rains onto the highlands where the fresh pasture grows
4. DThey remain permanently in the lowlands throughout the year

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1. AErratic power supply and frequent electricity shortages
2. BA surplus of highly skilled labour with no shortage at all
3. CAn oversupply of foreign currency for importing raw materials
4. DExcess, ultra-modern machinery that never needs maintenance

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1. AMostly owner-occupied houses built on large plots, each with its own private garden
2. BSmall stands with compact houses and a high population density per unit area
3. CLarge stands with spacious houses and a correspondingly low population density per unit area
4. DWide, well-planned roads with abundant green space allocated to each individual household

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1. AA steady decrease in traffic congestion as the city's population continues to grow
2. BGuaranteed full employment for every new resident arriving in the urban area
3. CHousing shortages and the growth of informal settlements (slums)
4. DA permanent surplus of affordable housing available to all residents, regardless of income

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ADeveloping countries have a much higher proportion of deaths from diseases of the circulatory system
2. BThere is no difference in the causes of death between developed and developing countries
3. CDeveloped countries have a much higher proportion of deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases
4. DDeveloping countries have a much higher proportion of deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases

1. ATo reduce pressure on limited resources such as land, water and food
2. BTo increase pressure on social services such as schools and hospitals
3. CTo reduce the country's per capita income
4. DTo increase unemployment by expanding the labour force faster than available jobs

1. AIt offers flexible routes and door-to-door delivery, well suited to short distances
2. BIt can carry very heavy, bulky loads more efficiently than rail over long distances
3. CIt is largely unaffected by weather conditions such as heavy rain
4. DIt requires no maintenance of the roads it uses

1. AIt would increase congestion on the existing route via Bulawayo by diverting even more traffic onto it
2. BIt would require no construction costs at all, since it simply follows an already-existing route
3. CIt would shorten travel time and cut transport costs between the west and central Zimbabwe
4. DIt would have no effect at all on transport costs or travel time between the two regions

1. AProfits are often repatriated to investors' home countries rather than reinvested locally
2. BTax incentives offered to EPZs always increase overall government revenue in the host country
3. CThey guarantee completely equal competition for all local industries operating outside the zone
4. DThey always create unlimited local employment opportunities with absolutely no downsides at all