Geography Paper 2 June 2015

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AMagma rises to fill the gap between the separating plates and cools to form new basaltic oceanic crust, widening the ocean over time.
2. BOne plate is forced down beneath the other into the mantle along a deep subduction zone, where it melts and triggers explosive, gas-rich volcanic eruptions at the surface.
3. CThe two plates slide past each other horizontally along a transform fault, with no new crust formed and comparatively little volcanic or earthquake activity.
4. DThe plates collide head-on along a continental margin, crumpling and thickening the continental rocks upward into a chain of high fold mountains over millions of years.

1. AA mild, stable climate at every altitude that allows year-round crop growth regardless of elevation.
2. BEasy, low-cost construction of roads, railways and settlements because of the consistently gentle relief throughout the region.
3. CAbundant flat land at every elevation, ideal for large-scale mechanised farming and easy road construction.
4. DLimited land for farming and settlement because of steep slopes and thin soils.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ACold and moist, forming over polar or sub-polar oceans.
2. BCool and humid, forming over temperate seas with frequent drizzle.
3. CHot and dry, forming over large land masses in the tropics, with low humidity.
4. DWarm and wet, forming over equatorial rainforests with heavy year-round rainfall.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AThick, corky, fire-resistant bark adapted to withstand the frequent veld fires that sweep through the drier savanna woodlands each dry season.
2. BA layered structure of emergent, canopy, understorey and ground vegetation, with high species diversity.
3. CA distinct dry season, with deciduous trees that shed leaves to conserve water.
4. DLow species diversity, dominated almost entirely by a single dominant tree species across the whole area.

1. AThey pollute the air heavily with thick smoke and cause widespread respiratory illness among nearby communities.
2. BThey destroy valuable property, standing crops and commercial forestry plantations across the whole affected area.
3. CThey stimulate fresh grass growth and reduce the build-up of dry fuel that could feed a dangerous wildfire.
4. DThey permanently destroy wildlife habitats and kill off entire animal populations that depend on the vegetation for food and shelter.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AIt requires no ventilation, pumping or safety systems at all for the workers operating underground.
2. BIt is generally far cheaper to construct and maintain than an equivalent opencast pit of the same output.
3. CIt causes extensive surface land disturbance across a wide area, stripping away topsoil, vegetation and natural habitat.
4. DIt allows extraction of deep-seated, high-grade ore that opencast methods cannot reach.

1. AIt causes siltation and mercury pollution of rivers, damaging riverbanks.
2. BIt requires large amounts of capital investment to start.
3. CIt creates large-scale formal employment with guaranteed pension benefits.
4. DIt generates significant government tax revenue through official channels.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AA small area of land farmed intensively with very high labour and capital inputs per hectare, giving a high yield per unit area but a low total output.
2. BA system found only in small-scale market gardening located close to urban markets for fresh produce.
3. CA system that uses no land at all, relying entirely on indoor feeding of livestock in confined pens.
4. DA large area of land farmed with low inputs per hectare, giving a lower yield per unit area but a high total output.

1. AThese semi-arid areas are unsuitable for crop farming, so extensive cattle ranching is the dominant land use there.
2. BThese areas receive the highest and most reliable rainfall in the country, which favours intensive dairy farming instead.
3. CThese areas contain Zimbabwe's largest national parks and safari areas, which are reserved exclusively for wildlife and cattle grazing rather than crops.
4. DThese areas have the country's best, most fertile soils, well suited to tobacco and maize production rather than ranching.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AA steady, reliable and consistently cheap electricity supply with no unexpected interruptions to production.
2. BErratic and expensive electricity supply, causing frequent production stoppages.
3. CAbundant, easily accessible foreign currency for importing raw materials and spare parts at competitive rates.
4. DModern, up-to-date machinery that is cheap and straightforward to maintain, service and retool.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ATo eliminate the need for any administrative or social services in rural areas entirely.
2. BTo concentrate all industrial development permanently in Harare and Bulawayo only, ignoring the rest of the country.
3. CTo increase rural-urban migration by deliberately removing services and employment opportunities from rural areas.
4. DTo decentralise industry and reduce rural-urban migration by providing services and employment in rural areas.

1. AReduce the number of registered building material suppliers allowed to operate within urban areas.
2. BRemove street lighting from high-density suburbs to cut down on municipal electricity costs.
3. CBuild more low-cost housing schemes and service more residential stands.
4. DBan all rural-urban migration permanently, preventing anyone from moving into the city in search of housing.

1. AInternal migration only ever refers to migration undertaken for tourism purposes, while international migration refers only to migration undertaken for paid work abroad.
2. BInternal migration and international migration both mean crossing an ocean to a new country.
3. CInternal migration is movement within the same country's borders, while international migration is movement across national borders from one country to another.
4. DInternal migration always involves moving to a different continent, while international migration is movement within one town.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ABoth birth rate and death rate are high and fluctuate together at similar levels, giving a very low rate of natural increase overall.
2. BBoth birth rate and death rate are low and fluctuate close together, giving slow or almost stationary population growth.
3. CThe birth rate is very high while the death rate is very low, giving the fastest population growth of any stage.
4. DThe death rate spikes sharply due to a famine, war or epidemic while the birth rate remains completely unchanged from previous years.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AIt improves passenger comfort by allowing more legroom.
2. BIt increases the risk of accidents and of luggage falling from the roof.
3. CIt has no effect on the vehicle's mechanical condition.
4. DIt reduces the risk of mechanical breakdown by distributing weight evenly.

1. AThe government loses revenue through tax and customs duty evasion.
2. BIt always increases government tax revenue through official customs duties.
3. CIt eliminates all competition faced by registered, tax-paying businesses.
4. DIt has no link to corruption or congestion at border posts.