Geography Paper 2 June 2024

1. Asolution of the rock
2. Bhydraulic action
3. Cabrasion of the bed
4. Dattrition of the load

1. Aattrition
2. Bsolution
3. Cabrasion
4. Dhydraulic action

1. Aa levee
2. Ba waterfall
3. Ca floodplain
4. Da delta

1. Athe river being fed by melting snow each spring
2. Bdischarge falling whenever rainfall rises, since vegetation absorbs the extra water
3. Ca seasonal response to rainfall, peaking with a lag after the wettest months
4. Ddischarge controlled entirely by evaporation, with no link to rainfall

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Adeposition and evaporation
2. Binfiltration and percolation
3. Ccondensation and precipitation
4. Derosion and transportation

1. Atransportation of a large load
2. Bdeposition
3. Cvertical erosion
4. Dlateral erosion

1. Aenforcing a building line that keeps houses off the floodplain
2. Bplanting vegetation along the river banks
3. Cevacuating people from the floodplain to higher ground
4. Dbuilding embankments along the river

1. Apeople being stranded in rising water
2. Ba rise in the river's dry-season base flow
3. Ca fall in the price of flood insurance
4. Da decrease in silt deposited on the floodplain

1. A250-500 mm, falling reliably each month
2. Bover 1000 mm, spread evenly through the year
3. Cexactly 500 mm, all in one week
4. Dunder 250 mm and highly unreliable

1. Athick cloud cover traps heat at the surface overnight
2. Bhigh humidity keeps night temperatures close to daytime values
3. Cfrequent rainfall cools the ground through the night
4. Dclear skies and dry air let heat escape fast after sunset

Answer this when you sit the paper.

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1. Acool and moist, off the interior plateau
2. Bwarm and moist, off the Indian Ocean
3. Ccold and dry, from over Antarctica
4. Dhot and dry, off the Kalahari Desert

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1. Athe Sahara Desert far to the north
2. Bthe cold Benguela current off the coast
3. Cthe Drakensberg mountains
4. Dthe Congo (Zaire) river basin it crosses

1. Ahot and dusty, with no cloud at all
2. Bcold and still, with fog but no rain
3. Cwarm and humid, with widespread rain and thunderstorms
4. Dcool and dry, with frost overnight

1. Aclear, with low humidity and little rainfall
2. Bovercast, with continuous heavy rain
3. Chumid, with frequent thunderstorms
4. Dwindy, with onshore fog off the coast

1. Aevacuate low-lying and flood-prone areas
2. Bplant trees along the coast
3. Crepaint roofs to reflect heat
4. Dirrigate farmland in advance

1. Ameasuring the height of ocean waves
2. Bchecking the colour of each sunset
3. Csatellite tracking by the weather service
4. Dcounting the birds migrating inland

1. Aa large stock of bottled soft drinks
2. Bmore vehicles parked on the streets
3. Ccleared, well-maintained drainage channels
4. Dnewly built shopping centres in the town

1. Awater vapour lost through transpiration
2. Bheat radiated back to the atmosphere
3. Ccarbon dioxide absorbed by leaves
4. Doxygen released into the air

1. Asunlight striking the canopy
2. Bphotosynthesis inside the plant tissue
3. Crainfall arriving at the canopy
4. Dcarbon dioxide entering the leaves

1. Asunlight received by the canopy
2. Brainfall reaching the forest floor
3. Ccarbon dioxide taken up for photosynthesis
4. Doxygen released by photosynthesis

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1. Anitrogen fixation, forming ammonia from the air
2. Bammonification, decomposers releasing ammonia
3. Cassimilation, roots absorbing soil nitrates
4. Ddenitrification, releasing nitrogen gas to the air

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1. Abiological fixation of nitrogen in root nodules
2. Bdenitrification, releasing nitrogen to the air
3. Cdecomposition of dead leaves on the forest floor
4. Dleaching of nitrates out of the topsoil

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Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Abreak down dead organic matter into ammonia
2. Bconvert soil nitrates into nitrogen gas
3. Cconvert ammonia into nitrites and then nitrates
4. Dfix atmospheric nitrogen into root nodules

1. Ait only ever exists at very high altitude
2. Bit is chemically very stable and must first be fixed
3. Cthere is far too little of it in the whole atmosphere
4. Dit is directly toxic to both plants and animals

1. Aearthworms burying the whole plant
2. Brainfall washing the nitrogen out to sea
3. Cdecomposers, then nitrifying bacteria
4. Ddenitrifying bacteria acting alone

1. Aincreasing the plant population per hectare
2. Bplanting at the very start of the rains
3. Ccontrolling weeds through the season
4. Dapplying the correct fertiliser or manure

1. Aremoving the need for any fertiliser
2. Bconserving soil moisture and structure between seasons
3. Cincreasing the sunlight reaching each plant
4. Dshortening the crop's time to maturity

1. Athe nearest weather station alone
2. Ban online search with no local knowledge
3. Ca neighbour growing a different crop
4. Dthe local Agritex extension officer

1. Ais measured only in degrees, never in metres
2. Bonly works on the one map sheet whose grid it uses
3. Ccovers the whole surface of the earth instead
4. Dnever uses numbers, only compass directions

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aa general topographic map
2. Ba single-theme thematic map
3. Ca basic relief map
4. Da political/administrative map

1. Aconverting a paper map into a photograph
2. Bpredicting next week's temperature
3. Cfinding the shortest route to a destination
4. Dmeasuring yesterday's rainfall

1. Aa GPS receiver fixing the coordinates
2. Ba paper road map of the country
3. Ca compass with no other equipment
4. Da barometer reading air pressure

1. Alistening for the nearest town's radio
2. Btiming signals from several orbiting satellites
3. Cmeasuring the vehicle's fuel consumption
4. Dcounting the rotations of its wheels

1. Aa memory card mailed once a month
2. Btransmission over a mobile network to a server
3. Cthe driver noting it down after each trip
4. Dbeing read directly off the speedometer

1. Achange the weather forecast for the route
2. Brecover a stolen vehicle by its location
3. Cmonitor whether a driver is speeding
4. Dcheck whether a vehicle left its route

1. Aa layer of data placed over a base map
2. Ba paper cover protecting a map from rain
3. Ca backup copy of the same map
4. Da photograph taken from directly above

1. Aletting them visualise and analyse spatial patterns
2. Bremoving the need to ever draw a map
3. Creplacing the need for fieldwork entirely
4. Dguaranteeing every learner a mining job

1. Areplaces the need to study mathematics
2. Bprepares students for careers in planning and surveying
3. Celiminates the need for other computer skills
4. Dis only useful to students who own a car

1. Aplan its own facilities and catchment area
2. Bavoid ever updating its student records
3. Creplace all of its textbooks
4. Dstop offering geography as a subject

1. Aselling natural resources abroad as fast as possible
2. Bthe planned, wise use and protection of resources
3. Cusing as much of a resource as possible now
4. Dbanning all use of natural resources

1. Adraining a wetland to build houses
2. Bmining a river bed with no rehabilitation
3. Cthe CAMPFIRE wildlife programme
4. Dclearing a forest for a single cash crop

1. Aletting vegetation and soil recover between grazings
2. Braising the number of cattle a farmer may keep
3. Cremoving the need for any fencing
4. Dguaranteeing rain the following season

1. Aare compulsory under national law
2. Bwere introduced most recently by government
3. Care simple, low-cost and protect cropped land
4. Dtake the least labour to maintain a gully

1. Agullies are a more localised, labour-intensive problem
2. Bgullies do not exist anywhere in Murinye
3. Ccontour ridges are illegal in Masvingo
4. Dploughing has replaced any other practice

1. Araises the price the crop fetches
2. Bremoves the fertile topsoil the crop depends on
3. Cincreases rainfall reaching the field
4. Dmakes the field easier to plough

1. Aremoving land from cultivation altogether
2. Bmaking the soil more fertile than before
3. Cincreasing the field's water-holding capacity
4. Dattracting more livestock to graze there

1. Aincreasing the dam's depth permanently
2. Bimproving drinking-water quality
3. Clowering the cost of digging new furrows
4. Dcutting the water available for irrigation

1. Aremoving the need for anti-poaching patrols
2. Bkeeping offtake within what the population replaces
3. Cguaranteeing no animal is ever hunted again
4. Draising the price hunters pay regardless of numbers

1. Agives communities a financial stake in the wildlife
2. Bremoves all wildlife into fenced parks
3. Cpays communities regardless of what survives
4. Dbans local people from benefiting from wildlife

1. Aexpanding the land animals can range over
2. Bincreasing the internal fences animals cross
3. Creducing the area available for grazing
4. Dmaking each property manage wildlife separately

1. Ashaft collapse or suffocation underground
2. Blosing a formal employment contract
3. Cpaying income tax on gold sold
4. Dcompetition from large-scale miners

1. Aan oversupply of schooling places nearby
2. Balcohol and drug abuse, and prostitution
3. Ca shortage of buyers for the gold
4. Dtoo much government regulation

1. Aautomatic ownership of minerals after five years
2. Beviction, or the claim being seized outright
3. Creceiving a government pension on retirement
4. Dbeing taxed below the formal-miner rate

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Answer this when you sit the paper.

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1. Agovernment built the belt along the Mozambique border
2. Bgold deposits are spread evenly across the country
3. Cthey follow greenstone belts mineralised with the Great Dyke
4. Dgold only forms above 1000 mm of annual rainfall

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1. Acarry only passengers between the two cities
2. Bavoid passing near any mineral deposit
3. Creplace the need for road transport nationally
4. Dlink the mines to the country's main centres

1. Aa shortage of people willing to work underground
2. Btoo much government support to mine owners
3. Can oversupply of skilled mining engineers
4. Dthe lack of capital to recapitalise and re-equip

1. Adraining it into the nearest river untreated
2. Bpumping it out and rehabilitating the shaft
3. Cfilling it in permanently with concrete
4. Dabandoning it for a completely new site

1. Ahave no effect on whether a mine reopens
2. Bare resolved automatically after one year
3. Conly affect mines already in operation
4. Dtie the mine up in litigation, deterring investors

1. Areduce the total area under agriculture
2. Btransfer all farmland to foreign investors
3. Ccorrect the racial imbalance in land ownership
4. Dincrease land under commercial tobacco only

1. Aincrease the density of communal areas further
2. Bremove the need for extension services
3. Cconvert all resettled land to urban housing
4. Ddecongest communal areas and ease soil pressure

1. Aempower indigenous Zimbabweans through land access
2. Breduce the number of Zimbabweans farming
3. Chand land exclusively to multinational firms
4. Dabolish all forms of land ownership

1. Acostlier packaging materials
2. Ba bigger workforce alone
3. Cirrigation infrastructure
4. Da larger scotch cart

1. Areplacing the need for irrigation
2. Bcombining scouting, biology and targeted spraying
3. Cremoving the need to monitor the crop
4. Dguaranteeing no pest ever appears again

1. Apost-harvest handling, grading and cold storage
2. Bharvesting as late as possible regardless of ripeness
3. Cskipping fertiliser to cut costs
4. Davoiding contact with extension officers

1. Aa small home-based industry using simple tools
2. Ba factory owned by a multinational corporation
3. Can industry operating only in national parks
4. Da state-owned heavy manufacturing plant

1. AGreat Zimbabwe
2. BVictoria Falls
3. Cthe Eastern Highlands
4. DHwange National Park

1. ALake Mutirikwi
2. BHwange National Park
3. Cthe Eastern Highlands
4. DVictoria Falls

1. AGreat Zimbabwe
2. Bthe Eastern Highlands
3. CVictoria Falls
4. DHwange National Park

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aa rapid fall in visa costs for tourists
2. Bnegative publicity about instability abroad
3. Can oversupply of luxury hotel rooms
4. Dtoo many competing international flights

1. Alowering the price of domestic fuel
2. Bimproving the visitor experience at major sites
3. Cmaking attractions harder and less pleasant to reach
4. Dincreasing direct international flights

1. Aselling goods made from cheap local materials
2. Brelying on large amounts of imported machinery
3. Cdepending entirely on government salaries
4. Dneeding no raw materials at all

1. Apreventing members from selling their own crafts
2. Bremoving the need to produce any goods
3. Cguaranteeing a fixed salary regardless of sales
4. Dgiving members bargaining power and shared resources

1. Adiscouraging youths from learning traditional skills
2. Bpreserving indigenous culture, skills and heritage
3. Creplacing the need for school education
4. Deliminating the local tourism industry

1. Arenewable no matter how fast it is cut
2. Bcheap to collect and needs simple technology
3. Centirely smoke-free when burned indoors
4. Dalways more efficient than any other fuel

1. Aan increase in woodland cover
2. Ba fall in indoor air pollution
3. Ca shorter collection time
4. Ddeforestation and land degradation

1. Athe national power utility
2. Blong-distance freight transporters
3. Cwomen and children in the household
4. Dcommercial fuel companies

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aspin the turbine blades without water
2. Bcharge batteries that store electricity
3. Ccool the generator from overheating
4. Dboil water into high-pressure steam

1. Athe turbine drives a generator, making electricity
2. Bcoal is first crushed into very small pieces
3. Cwater is first pumped into the boiler
4. Dtransformers step up the output voltage

1. Abattery
2. Binverter
3. Ccharge controller
4. Dsolar panel

1. Asolar panel
2. Bcharge controller
3. Cbattery
4. Dinverter

1. AZimbabwe gets very little sunshine
2. Bgovernment has banned coal-fired electricity
3. Cload shedding makes the national grid unreliable
4. Dthe grid is now fully reliable and solar is cheaper

1. Aneeds little ongoing fuel cost to run
2. Buses more fuel per hour of operation
3. Cproduces louder noise during use
4. Dneeds a constant coal supply to run

1. Abe installed off-grid, reaching areas the grid misses
2. Bonly operate where the grid already exists
3. Cnot be installed without existing electricity
4. Donly be used by industry, never households

1. Athe distance between two places
2. Bthe mode of transport used to migrate
3. Ca negative condition at a person's home area
4. Da positive condition at the destination

1. Aan attractive condition at the destination
2. Ba negative condition at the place of origin
3. Cthe population of the destination town
4. Dhow long a migrant plans to stay

1. Adrought and crop failure at home
2. Bland shortage in a communal area
3. Cpolitical instability at home
4. Dbetter paying jobs in a city

1. Anarrow base and broad middle
2. Bequal width at every age band
3. Cbase narrower than the middle
4. Dvery broad base and narrow apex

1. Aa falling birth rate over recent decades
2. Bhigh death rates and short life expectancy
3. Crising life expectancy at every age
4. Dan ageing population with more elderly

1. Aa high dependency ratio on few workers
2. Btoo few schools, since there are so few children
3. Ca shrinking labour force with no young workers
4. Da shortage of maternity health services

1. Afamily planning with free contraceptives
2. Bhigher taxes on households with children
3. Cbanning marriage before the age of thirty
4. Drestricting food supply to large families

1. Alowers the next generation's literacy rate
2. Bdelays the age of marriage and childbearing
3. Cincreases the number of children a woman has
4. Dhas no effect on family size

1. Aextending piped water and sewer connections
2. Brelocating every resident permanently
3. Cbanning food sales within the settlement
4. Dincreasing the settlement's population density

1. Aletting residents dump waste anywhere
2. Bremoving all rubbish bins from the area
3. Cbuilding over dump sites without clearing them
4. Dorganised refuse collection and disposal sites

1. Aimproved street lighting and community policing
2. Bremoving all policing from the area
3. Cdemolishing schools and recreation facilities
4. Dcutting off the settlement's electricity

1. Aonly the soil and rocks present
2. Bonly the sunlight and temperature
3. Conly the water bodies present
4. Dliving things and their relationships

1. Aonly the animals living in the area
2. Bonly the micro-organisms in the soil
3. Cnon-living physical and chemical components
4. Donly the plants growing in the area

1. Asoil being classified as a living organism
2. Brocks reproducing to form new rocks
3. Ctree roots binding and forming soil
4. Dsunlight having no effect on plant growth

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1. Agulley reclamation work
2. Bcontour (bench) terracing
3. Cafforestation of the slope
4. Dcrop rotation on the slope

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1. Aremove the need for any cultivation there
2. Bpermanently flood the hillside for irrigation
3. Cslow runoff and control soil erosion
4. Dspeed up rainwater running off the hillside

1. Aincreases the water stored in the wetland
2. Bhas no effect on the wetland's water table
3. Cis banned everywhere and so never happens
4. Dbreaks up and exposes fragile wetland soils

1. Aimproving the soil's water-holding ability
2. Bpreventing wind or water erosion
3. Cstripping vegetation and exposing the soil
4. Dincreasing grass for the following season

1. Aincreases the wetland's floodwater capacity
2. Bis temporary, with no lasting effect
3. Conly affects land already zoned for housing
4. Dremoves the natural cover protecting the site

1. Aincrease the land's value for construction
2. Bhave no lasting physical effect on the site
3. Cleave exposed, unstable ground prone to erosion
4. Drefill automatically with fertile topsoil

1. Adraining wetlands for more farmland
2. Brecycling wastewater and limiting abstraction
3. Cabstracting water regardless of river flow
4. Ddischarging untreated wastewater into rivers

1. Aremoving all organic matter after harvest
2. Bcultivating the same crop with no rotation
3. Cconservation tillage, ridging and rotation
4. Dploughing slopes with no conservation measures

1. Aharvesting timber faster than it regrows
2. Bcontrolled harvesting alongside afforestation
3. Cclearing all vegetation for short-term farmland
4. Dallowing uncontrolled veld fires each year

1. Aan underground metro train
2. Ba container ship
3. Ca domestic passenger aircraft
4. Da scotch cart pulled by animals

1. Arequires a paved road to operate
2. Bcarries more than a freight train
3. Cneeds no fuel and suits rough tracks
4. Dtravels faster than any bus on tar

1. Arequires a licensed driver and registration
2. Bis faster than a bus over long distances
3. Ccarries as much cargo as a truck
4. Dis cheap, needs no fuel, and reaches poor roads

1. Aroad, all the way to Denmark
2. Bair, fast enough for perishable produce
3. Csea, cheaper but takes several weeks
4. Drail, on a direct Zimbabwe-Denmark line

1. Aroad, collecting from scattered farms and depots
2. Bsea, though both towns are inland
3. Cair, too costly for this short distance
4. Da pipeline, though cotton cannot be pumped

1. Aa scotch cart, too small for industrial loads
2. Bsea, though neither town is on the coast
3. Crail, the cheapest way to move heavy bulk cargo
4. Dair, far too costly for a low-value mineral

1. Aroad, all the way from China to Mozambique
2. Brail, on a direct China-Mozambique line
3. Cair, since wheat is highly perishable
4. Dsea, the cheapest way to move bulk cargo overseas

1. Aa scotch cart, too slow for daily commuting
2. Broad, by bus, kombi or commuter train
3. Cair, unnecessary for such a short trip
4. Dsea, though neither is on a waterway

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Abuild more parking in the city centre only
2. Bremove traffic lights from major junctions
3. Cinvest in efficient, affordable public transport
4. Dban all private cars with no alternative

1. Arouting through-traffic around the centre
2. Bincreasing vehicles registered in the city
3. Cremoving the need for public transport
4. Dconcentrating traffic onto a single road

1. Ameans fewer people travel into the centre daily
2. Bforces every worker to commute into the centre
3. Cincreases the distance each commuter travels
4. Dremoves the need for roads in the suburbs