Geography Paper 2 November 2013

1. Ahot desert/semi-arid.
2. Bequatorial/tropical rainforest.
3. Ctropical continental/savanna.
4. DMediterranean.

1. Achemical weathering.
2. Bsalt weathering.
3. Cfrost weathering.
4. Dmechanical/physical weathering.

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1. Ahot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
2. Bhot and wet conditions throughout the year.
3. Chot, wet summers and cold, dry winters.
4. Dcool summers and cold winters with rain year-round.

1. Ayear-round leaf retention regardless of season, keeping a full green canopy even in the driest months.
2. Bdeep tap roots that reach the water table in the dry season.
3. Cshallow roots that spread widely near the surface to avoid competing with the surrounding grasses for water.
4. Dbroad, thin leaves with a large surface area that maximise transpiration during the hottest part of the day.

1. Aa reduction in soil temperature, as the blackened, burnt surface is assumed to reflect more sunlight.
2. Bdestruction of vegetation cover, exposing bare soil to erosion.
3. Can increase in tree density, as fire is thought to stimulate faster regrowth of young saplings.
4. Dimproved water infiltration into the soil, since the ash layer is believed to loosen compacted topsoil.

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1. Auranium ore processed and enriched for use as fuel in nuclear power reactors.
2. Bcrude oil extracted from deep underground reserves and refined into petrol and diesel.
3. Corganic plant or animal matter, such as ethanol produced from sugarcane.
4. Dcoal mined from sedimentary rock strata that formed from compressed plant matter millions of years ago.

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1. Ait cannot be produced from any plant matter grown on ordinary farmland.
2. Bit is a non-renewable resource that will eventually run out like coal and oil.
3. Cgrowing bio-fuel crops competes with food crops for agricultural land.
4. Dit increases a country's dependence on imported fossil fuels bought from other nations.

1. Ato convert productive farmland into new urban housing estates for the growing city population.
2. Bto transfer ownership of the country's large commercial farms to foreign investors and companies.
3. Cto redistribute land from large-scale commercial farmers to landless indigenous Zimbabweans.
4. Dto consolidate land into fewer, larger commercial farms controlled by a small group of established owners.

1. Asmaller, subdivided plots (A1/A2 schemes) held by many new farmers.
2. Bfewer, larger farms held by the same small number of owners as before the programme began.
3. Cidentical mechanisation levels and capital investment to the situation before the programme.
4. Da shift entirely away from agriculture into industry across the resettled farmland.

1. Aguaranteed high prices fixed by international buyers.
2. Blow and fluctuating world cotton prices.
3. Cexcess processing capacity relative to cotton supply.
4. Dan oversupply of transport infrastructure to ginneries.

1. Aa reduction in transport links and flight connections available to the country from abroad.
2. Ba sharp decline in international marketing spending aimed at attracting new visitors to the country.
3. Cthe closure of major tourist attractions such as Victoria Falls to protect them from overuse.
4. Dimproved political and economic stability after dollarisation restored confidence.

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1. Aa boom in agricultural production that drew commercial and industrial activity away from the city.
2. Bthe severe economic crisis and hyperinflation in Zimbabwe at that time.
3. Ca sudden increase in foreign investment pouring into Bulawayo's commercial and industrial sector that year.
4. Dthe introduction of the multi-currency system, which businesses struggled to adapt to at short notice.

1. Alower population density and a dominance of farming and other primary activities.
2. Bidentical population density to rural areas but a noticeably different local climate.
3. Cfewer services, such as schools, hospitals and other social amenities, than rural areas.
4. Dhigher population density and dominance of secondary/tertiary activities.

1. Ait is closer to residential areas, reducing travel time and congestion.
2. Bit has more specialised, high-order shops than the CBD, attracting shoppers from across the city.
3. Cprices are generally lower there than in the CBD because goods are bought and sold in bulk.
4. Dit offers a much wider range and variety of goods and specialist shops than the CBD does.

1. Aexpanding low-density residential suburbs further out from the already-affected part of the city.
2. Bimproving water supply and sewage/sanitation infrastructure.
3. Cbuilding a new golf course and recreational park on the edge of the city.
4. Dincreasing the number of suburban shopping centres available to residents across the city.

1. Aa survey covering only the working-age population currently employed in formal jobs.
2. Ban estimate of the total population calculated using birth records alone, without an actual headcount.
3. Ca count of only the registered voters taking part in a national election.
4. Dan official count and survey of all people in a country, usually conducted at regular intervals.

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1. Aregional trade.
2. Bfree trade.
3. Cbilateral trade.
4. Dmulti-lateral trade.

1. Arestricting the free movement of goods and people across the borders of member states.
2. Bdiscouraging joint infrastructure development projects, such as shared roads, rail and power grids.
3. Cincreasing tariffs and other trade barriers imposed between neighbouring member states.
4. Dpromoting free/preferential trade among member states by reducing tariffs.

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