Geography Paper 2 June 2018

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AA series of large, fast-moving sea waves caused by a sudden vertical displacement of the ocean floor, usually during an undersea earthquake.
2. BA strong, rotating wind system that forms over warm tropical ocean water and brings heavy rain, damaging winds, storm surge and widespread flooding to coastal areas.
3. CA gradual rise in sea level caused by the slow melting of polar ice sheets and glaciers over many decades.
4. DA large wave caused by strong onshore winds blowing steadily over the ocean surface during a storm.

1. AA cone-shaped hill built up gradually over many separate eruptions from alternating layers of lava and ash erupted repeatedly from a single central vent over a long period of time.
2. BA wide, roughly circular depression formed when a volcano's summit collapses inward into its emptied magma chamber after a violent, explosive eruption.
3. CA steep-sided, isolated hill of solidified lava that once filled a volcano's vent, left standing after the surrounding ash and cone material has been eroded away.
4. DA long, narrow trough formed where two parallel faults allow a central block of crust to subside between them.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AA small diurnal temperature range with consistently mild temperatures both day and night.
2. BVery low, unreliable rainfall, generally under 250 mm a year, with clear skies and high rates of evaporation.
3. CFrequent heavy snowfall with very low temperatures persisting throughout the entire year.
4. DHigh, reliable rainfall spread evenly throughout the year, with dense cloud cover and frequent afternoon thunderstorms.

1. AConstruction of levees and embankments along flood-prone rivers to contain rising high water levels.
2. BInstallation of flood forecasting and early-warning systems along major rivers to alert downstream communities.
3. CUrbanisation, whose impermeable surfaces such as roads and roofs increase and speed up surface runoff.
4. DAfforestation of river catchment areas, which increases interception and infiltration of rainwater into the soil.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ATeak forest, associated with drier, sandy soils elsewhere in the country
2. BMountain forest, associated with the cooler, wetter highlands elsewhere in the country
3. CThorn savanna, associated with drier soils in other lowveld regions
4. DMopane (Mupani) savanna

1. AThey increase soil erosion by removing all vegetation cover from the surrounding catchment area.
2. BThey act as natural water reservoirs, filtering water and helping sustain river flow in the dry season.
3. CThey provide unlimited land for permanent settlement and large-scale industrial development projects of every kind.
4. DThey reduce biodiversity by actively preventing wildlife habitats from ever forming there.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AA reduction in fish stocks available to the local kapenta fishing industry operating on the lake.
2. BA permanent shortage of hydro-electric power generated for both Zimbabwe and Zambia to share.
3. CA decline in tourism activity around the lake because of a lack of recreational facilities and lodges.
4. DDisplacement and resettlement of local people, notably the Tonga, when the reservoir filled.

1. AIt relies entirely on a non-renewable resource that will eventually be exhausted like coal or oil.
2. BIt requires importing fuel from other countries on a continuous, uninterrupted basis every month.
3. CIt has unreliable output on cloudy days and produces no power at night, requiring costly battery storage.
4. DIt produces large quantities of greenhouse gases directly during operation, contributing heavily to global warming and climate change.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ABecause livestock must be moved seasonally to new grazing land, forcing the crop plots to follow wherever the herd goes.
2. BBecause the soil fertility of a cultivated plot declines over time, so cultivation shifts to fresh forest land to allow the exhausted plot to lie fallow and regenerate.
3. CBecause the homestead itself must be physically relocated to an entirely new site every single planting season, as local custom requires.
4. DBecause government regulations require farmers to formally rotate their fields between different villages each year, submitting a written application to the local council before every new planting season begins.

1. A1980 to 1981
2. B1983 to 1984
3. C1981 to 1982
4. D1985 to 1986

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AAir pollution
2. BLoss of export earnings from reduced production
3. CShortage of foreign currency
4. DHigh transport costs

1. AIt requires very large amounts of capital investment and collateral before any production can begin at all.
2. BIt guarantees strict, formally enforced quality control and standardised production across every single producer.
3. CIt completely eliminates the need for any entrepreneurial or business skills among the people participating.
4. DIt requires little start-up capital and makes use of local skills, creating employment for many people.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AIts location relative to surrounding physical and human features, such as nearby rivers, roads and other towns.
2. BThe actual physical piece of land the settlement is built on, such as a hilltop, river terrace or valley floor.
3. CThe architectural style and building materials used for the structures found within the settlement.
4. DThe total population count recorded for the settlement in its most recent official census.

1. AAs population size increases, the number of functions a settlement offers also increases.
2. BPopulation size and the number of functions offered are entirely unrelated and vary independently of each other.
3. CThe number of functions offered stays exactly constant regardless of a settlement's population size.
4. DAs population size increases, the number of functions a settlement offers actually decreases instead.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. A1.5%
2. B3.2%
3. C4.7%
4. D6.2%

1. AA very high birth rate with a broad, expanding base and a large young dependent population.
2. BA very high death rate with a narrow working-age band and a shrinking population overall.
3. CAn ageing population with a wide apex and more elderly people than working-age people.
4. DA declining birth rate, a large working-age population, and relatively low life expectancy.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AA system of trade in which goods or services are exchanged directly for other goods or services, without using money.
2. BA system of trade in which goods are bought immediately using a credit card and then paid for later in a series of fixed monthly instalments.
3. CA system in which a country's own currency is exchanged for foreign currency at a commercial bank.
4. DA system in which goods are sold for cash, and that cash is later used to buy other goods separately.

1. A12:00 on 31 December 2015
2. B08:00 on 1 January 2016
3. C16:00 on 31 December 2015
4. D16:00 on 1 January 2016