Geography Paper 2 November 2017

1. AOcean waves and tides
2. BVolcanic activity and earthquakes
3. CWind and running water
4. DIce and glacial meltwater

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ARainwater drains away quickly underground, leaving little surface water for people, farming and livestock
2. BFrequent river flooding due to impermeable rock that stops rainwater soaking away into the ground below
3. CAbundant flat land created by extensive river deposition of silt across a wide, gently sloping floodplain
4. DDeep, permanently waterlogged soils that hinder cultivation and force farmers to dig drainage ditches every season

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ATo keep the instruments completely sealed off from the outside air so wind cannot disturb the readings
2. BTo reflect solar radiation and allow free air circulation while shading the instruments from direct sunlight
3. CTo make the box easier to see from a distance so weather station staff can locate it quickly on cloudy days
4. DTo absorb as much solar heat as possible so the thermometers record the true daytime maximum accurately

1. ABuilding houses with thin walls and large windows to maximise airflow and cooling breezes through the night
2. BWearing heavy, dark, insulated clothing throughout both the scorching day and the cold desert night
3. CAvoiding the use of any water storage or rainwater harvesting methods since supplies are considered unreliable
4. DBuilding houses with thick walls and small windows to reduce daytime heat gain and retain night-time warmth

1. APermanently exposed skin with no insulation, fur or protective covering against the sun
2. BContinuous daytime activity to search for water across open ground under the full desert sun
3. CNocturnal habits, resting in burrows or shade during the day
4. DDark-coloured coats that absorb solar radiation, raising body temperature during the hottest hours

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Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AAfforestation and controlled grazing to stabilise the soil
2. BClearing all vegetation to create wide firebreaks around every settlement and field boundary
3. CEncouraging unrestricted cultivation on marginal, drought-prone land at the desert margin
4. DIncreasing livestock numbers without limit so herds can graze freely across the whole communal area

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AChiredzi has abundant softwood forest plantations that supply timber offcuts as boiler fuel
2. BChiredzi is near sugar estates, so bagasse is available as a by-product of sugar processing
3. CChiredzi is located at a major hydro-electric dam similar to Kariba on the Zambezi River
4. DChiredzi has large coal deposits nearby, similar to the coalfields that supply Hwange power station

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AIt produces mainly non-perishable goods such as grain, needing no quick transport to market
2. BIt is normally located far from markets and transport routes, unlike most cash-crop farming
3. CIt is intensive, market-oriented and commonly depends on irrigation for a controlled water supply
4. DIt is extensive, requiring very little capital or management input from the farmer

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ADroughts have no effect at all on pasture growth or the availability of drinking water for cattle
2. BHigh costs of inputs such as drugs, feed and breeding stock are beyond many farmers' means
3. CBeef production requires no capital investment at all once the initial herd has been purchased
4. DDisease outbreaks such as foot-and-mouth have been completely eliminated across Zimbabwe's herds

1. AProximity to the raw material (the growing areas) to reduce transport costs of the bulky raw product
2. BAvailability of ski resorts nearby for tourism to attract visiting foreign investors
3. CDistance from any labour force so that wages never have to be paid to nearby workers
4. DProximity to international airports for passenger travel rather than to the cotton-growing areas

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AShortage of foreign currency to import raw materials, spares and machinery
2. BFalling competition from cheaper imports flooding in from neighbouring countries
3. CAn oversupply of affordable loans and credit facilities available to every manufacturing firm
4. DConsistently reliable electricity supply with no load-shedding disrupting factory production

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AAn even, balanced distribution of resources and development spread across the whole country
2. BA shortage of migrants seeking work and better services in the dominant city
3. CA shrinking, underused housing stock despite the constant arrival of new rural migrants
4. DRegional imbalance, as resources and development concentrate in the primate city

1. AVery low population density reducing the risk of fire spreading between shacks
2. BSettlement only on the most stable, well-drained and officially planned residential land
3. CLack of proper sanitation, leading to disease outbreaks such as cholera
4. DExcess formal infrastructure and over-provision of piped water, sewers and paved roads

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AReduced demand for social services such as education and child healthcare clinics
2. BGreater national savings available for investment in new factories and infrastructure
3. CA shrinking labour force with too few young workers entering employment each year
4. DA high dependency ratio, placing pressure on schools, health facilities and housing

1. ADraining or clearing stagnant water where mosquitoes breed
2. BIncreasing the amount of standing water around the home by leaving buckets and tyres out
3. CPlanting more water lilies in stagnant ponds around the homestead to attract birdlife
4. DStoring water in open, uncovered containers left standing near the kitchen door

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AZimbabwe is the most single-commodity-dependent country in the table, more so than Angola
2. BMost of these countries rely heavily on exporting a single primary commodity mainly to developed regions
3. CAll SADC countries in this table export mainly manufactured goods rather than raw commodities
4. DThese countries trade mostly with each other rather than with the EU, USA or Japan shown

1. ARural areas supply manufactured goods, machinery parts, processed industrial products and imported consumer items back to urban areas
2. BUrban areas supply raw agricultural produce, unprocessed timber and farm produce down to rural areas
3. CThere is no significant trade relationship of any real kind between rural and urban parts of the economy
4. DRural areas supply raw materials and produce to urban areas, while urban areas supply manufactured goods and services to rural areas