Geography Paper 2 November 2014

1. AWeathering and erosion are two names for exactly the same single process of rock breakdown described in physical geography textbooks
2. BWeathering is the in-situ breakdown of rock, while erosion is the wearing away and transport of material by agents such as water, wind or ice
3. CWeathering only occurs underwater on submerged coastal rock, while erosion only occurs on dry land surfaces above sea level
4. DErosion breaks rock down in place through chemical and physical decay, while weathering transports the loosened fragments away

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1. ADeranged drainage pattern, an irregular network of lakes and streams found in recently glaciated lowlands
2. BDendritic drainage pattern, a random tree-like branching network found on uniformly resistant, unfolded rock
3. CTrellised drainage pattern, found on folded rock or alternating hard and soft rock bands
4. DRadial drainage pattern, with tributaries draining outward in all directions from a single central peak or dome

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Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ADiscouraging community evacuation drills because rehearsing them regularly is thought to cause unnecessary panic
2. BInstalling early-warning forecasting systems and constructing cyclone-resistant shelters
3. CBuilding all new settlements directly on the exposed coastline without any planning restriction or setback zone
4. DRemoving coastal mangrove vegetation to improve sea views for new hotel developments along the shore

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1. AThey act as a natural reservoir, releasing water slowly and filtering out silt and pollutants
2. BThey increase downstream flooding by releasing all their stored water rapidly during the first heavy storm
3. CThey reduce biodiversity in the catchment by excluding fish, birds and other wetland-dependent species
4. DThey pollute rivers by releasing the silt and nutrients they have trapped back into the channel during floods

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1. ADiamond -- it takes millions of years to form and cannot be replaced within a human timeframe once extracted
2. BWater -- once consumed by a household or factory it is permanently removed from the local river system and cannot be reused
3. CTimber -- once a mature tree is felled for lumber, replanting takes several decades to produce a comparable harvest
4. DDiamond -- it is continuously replenished by natural geological cycles operating on an annual, human-observable timescale

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1. AKeeping large numbers of livestock and cultivating rice paddies
2. BInstalling solar panels on rooftops to generate electricity without burning fossil fuels
3. CRecycling household waste paper and cardboard instead of sending it to landfill sites
4. DPlanting new forests of fast-growing trees to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

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1. ARestriction of grazing land due to tsetse fly infestation, and conflict with settled farmers over land
2. BA legal requirement imposed by the government to remain permanently settled in one fixed location
3. CExcess year-round rainfall in the grazing lands drowning their cattle and rotting the pasture underfoot
4. DA complete absence of tsetse fly across their entire traditional grazing range, unlike in neighbouring regions

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Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AReduced pressure on housing and urban services as fewer workers choose to live near the factories
2. BEven development spread evenly across all regions of the country rather than concentrated in one town
3. CReduced traffic congestion in the industrial town despite the large daily influx of factory workers
4. DOvercrowding and pollution, with rural-urban migration straining urban infrastructure

1. AGovernment regulations strictly forbid shipping offices and warehouses from locating anywhere else in the town
2. BThese services need to be sited far from the harbour to avoid damage to stock from sea spray and salt air
3. CProximity to the quays minimises transport costs and handling/turnaround time for cargo and vessels
4. DLand near the harbour is generally cheaper than land in the central business district of the port town

1. ASite and situation both refer only to a settlement's total population size at the time it was first founded
2. BSite refers only to the local climate of the area; situation refers only to the natural vegetation cover surrounding it
3. CSite refers to a settlement's position and distance relative to other towns, roads and markets; situation refers only to its local physical land characteristics
4. DSite refers to the actual physical land on which a settlement is built (relief, drainage, soil); situation refers to its position relative to surrounding areas and other places

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1. ADeclining traffic volumes on urban roads despite the large numbers of new residents arriving each year
2. BGrowth of informal settlements and inadequate water and sanitation services
3. CFalling unemployment and crime rates as the growing city absorbs every new migrant into formal jobs
4. DA surplus of low-cost formal housing built fast enough that no informal settlements ever appear

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1. AA smaller, less experienced workforce as older workers retire earlier than the birth rate can replace them
2. BReduced competition for jobs and land as the elderly population withdraws entirely from economic activity
3. CLower demand for health and welfare services despite the growing number of elderly people needing care
4. DGreater strain on health and welfare/pension services as the dependency ratio rises

1. ADiscouraging irrigation and agricultural investment to keep production reliant on rain-fed subsistence plots
2. BIncreasing land shortages in communal areas by resettling more families onto the same fixed area of land
3. CPromoting family planning and diversifying the economy to create more jobs
4. DRestricting access to education for young people so more of them enter farming at an early age

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ADiscouraging agricultural support during droughts to encourage self-reliance among affected farming households
2. BClosing rural schools to reduce running costs and redirecting the funding to urban administration
3. CRestricting access to clean water and sanitation projects until villagers can fund construction themselves
4. DProviding boreholes, clinics, schools and microfinance/income-generating projects

Answer this when you sit the paper.