Agriculture Paper 2 November 2023

1. Araise the temperature of the subsoil before the first rains begin
2. Bbury weeds and trash and leave a soft bed for the seed and the roots
3. Cadd to the soil the nitrogen the crop will need for the whole season
4. Dlevel the field so that rain water runs off it a good deal more quickly

1. Aexposes soil pests and weed roots to the sun so that they die
2. Braises the clay content of the topsoil for the crop that follows
3. Cprevents rain water from soaking into the layer that was ploughed
4. Dpacks the soil down so that the seed can be planted much deeper

1. Aperennial: completes its whole life cycle within a single season
2. Bannual: completes its whole life cycle within one growing season
3. Cannual: takes two seasons, storing food in the first of them
4. Dbiennial: lives on for many years and flowers in every season

1. Aphotosynthesis stores energy and uses carbon dioxide, respiration releases energy and uses oxygen
2. Bboth processes store energy, but only respiration goes on during the night
3. Cboth processes release energy, but only photosynthesis goes on in the leaves
4. Dphotosynthesis releases energy and uses oxygen, respiration stores energy and uses carbon dioxide

1. Asingle superphosphate worked into the planting furrow at sowing
2. BCompound D basal fertiliser drilled along the row at planting
3. Cammonium nitrate top dressing applied when the crop is about knee high
4. Dwell rotted cattle kraal manure spread before the land is ploughed

1. Athe dry litter that is swept out of a deep litter poultry house
2. Bplant and animal waste rotted down in a heap before it is used
3. Ca growing crop ploughed into the soil while it is still green
4. Dthe slurry drained out of a cattle pen into a holding pit

1. Afertiliser washed off the fields and enriching the water with nutrients
2. Bcattle drinking at the stream all day and trampling its banks bare of grass
3. Csoil washed into the stream out of a gully above the farm
4. Da borehole pumping ground water into the stream all season

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Apulling the weeds out of the crop rows by hand every week
2. Brotating the crops and planting at the right time and spacing
3. Cspraying a selective herbicide over the crop as it is growing
4. Dreleasing an insect that feeds only on the one weed species

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aspray into the wind, so that the chemical reaches the leaf underside
2. Bmix the chemical with bare hands so as to judge the strength used
3. Cwear protective clothing and spray with the wind at his back
4. Deat and drink while spraying so as not to become faint in the heat

1. Aone seed leaf and net veined leaves, as in the bean plant
2. Btwo seed leaves and parallel leaf veins, as in the bean plant
3. Cone seed leaf and parallel leaf veins, as in the maize plant
4. Dtwo seed leaves and net veined leaves, as in the maize plant

1. Aa floor of bare concrete that can be washed down twice every day
2. Bwarmth that can be held steady, with ventilation free of draughts
3. Cwindows large enough to light the house right through the night
4. Da roof high enough for a person to walk under it without stooping

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1. Achicks reared under a brooder need no vaccination while they are young
2. Ba hen is unable to keep her chicks warm when the weather turns cold
3. Cchicks reared artificially do not need to be fed any starter mash
4. Done brooder rears far more chicks at a time than a hen could sit over

1. Arich in easily digested protein, and low in fat
2. Brich in starch, which supplies most of the day's energy
3. Crich in fat, which the body stores for use in the winter
4. Drich in fibre, which keeps the digestive system working

1. Aare light and strong and shed rain water quickly off a slope
2. Bcan be nailed straight onto a wall without any frame at all
3. Ckeep the building a good deal cooler than a thatched roof does
4. Dneed no support from purlins or roof timbers underneath them

1. Aclay soil, cow dung, thatching grass, poles and water
2. Bbricks, thatching grass, stone chips, water and a roll of wire mesh
3. Ccement, river sand, stone chips, water and reinforcing wire
4. Dcement, thatching grass, poles, water and binding wire

1. Athe cattle are able to see the level of the water inside it
2. Bthe concrete of the walls sets harder than it otherwise would
3. Cit can be lifted and moved from one paddock to another
4. Dit holds the water without leaking and is easy to clean out

1. Aheavy and dense, so that the yoke presses the animals downwards
2. Bsoft and green, so that it can still be shaped after it is fitted
3. Cbrittle once it is dry, so that the yoke breaks before the animal does
4. Dlight, strong and free of knots, and it should not split easily

1. Aa shortage of labour for weeding in the middle of the season
2. Ba delay in the delivery of the fertiliser ordered for planting
3. Ca mid season dry spell that comes just as the crop is tasselling
4. Da sharp rise in the price paid for the grain at the end of the season

1. Aa heavy hailstorm may flatten the crop shortly before harvest
2. Bthe price the crop fetches may fall before it can be sold
3. Cthe cost of ploughing the land rises each year along with fuel
4. Dthe standing crop may be attacked by pests before it is harvested

1. Athe committee is appointed by whoever buys the produce that season
2. Bmembership is open and voluntary, and each member has one vote
3. Cthe member who farms the largest piece of land has the deciding vote
4. Dthe profits belong to whoever put in the most capital at the start

1. Athe wages that were paid to each worker over the season
2. Bthe loans still owed to the bank at the end of the year
3. Cthe money paid out and the money received on the farm each month
4. Dquantities such as yields, stock numbers and the inputs used

1. Aholds moisture in the soil and shields it from the beating rain
2. Bkills off the weed seeds lying in the top layers of the soil
3. Cadds to the soil the nitrogen the crop will need for the whole season
4. Draises the temperature of the seedbed so that the crop starts fast

1. Acut the draught power and the time needed to prepare the land
2. Bturn the whole field over far more thoroughly than a plough does
3. Cmake the field level enough for it to be flood irrigated later
4. Dbury the crop residues deeper than a mouldboard plough can

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1. Acan be replanted for several seasons without any loss of yield
2. Bgerminates well without needing rain during its first few weeks
3. Cyields more and is bred to resist the diseases of the area
4. Dcosts a good deal less per hectare than seed kept from a crop

1. Aa variety bred to give the highest yield of all under irrigation
2. Ba variety that stands very tall and shades out the weeds late on
3. Ca short season variety that matures before the rains have stopped
4. Da long season variety that keeps on growing right until the end of May

1. Athe seed will not germinate at all once it has been stored for a year
2. Bthe second generation loses its vigour and yields a great deal less
3. Cthe variety is protected by law and may not be planted twice over
4. Dthe seed carries a chemical dressing that wears off after a season

1. Araises the number of weed seeds lying in the top layer of the soil
2. Btakes up the water that the crop which follows will need to grow
3. Cshields the soil from the rain and adds organic matter when turned in
4. Dattracts the insects that carry virus diseases into the standing crop

1. Athey stop the crop from being attacked by pests of any kind
2. Bthey raise the price the crop fetches on the local market
3. Cthey take the place of the crop and need no planting at all
4. Dsome are eaten as relish and some are grazed by stock

1. Aspraying a pre emergence herbicide over the field before the crop is up
2. Bhoeing along the rows by hand about three weeks after planting
3. Ccutting the weeds down with an animal drawn inter row cultivator
4. Dplanting on time and at the right spacing to smother the weeds

1. Athe legume crop shades the soil so heavily that no weed can set seed
2. Ba legume crop is harvested before the weeds can shed their seed
3. Clegumes take up the nitrogen that the weeds would otherwise use
4. Da change of crop and of tillage breaks the life cycle of the weeds

1. Athe square system
2. Bthe hexagonal system
3. Cthe contour system
4. Dthe quincunx system

1. Athe maize aphid
2. Bthe red spider mite
3. Cthe maize stalk borer
4. Dthe leafhopper

1. Aspraying the crop with a copper fungicide when it is three weeks old
2. Bplanting a resistant variety early and removing volunteer maize
3. Cdressing the seed with an insecticide before it is put in the ground
4. Dplanting late so that the crop misses the first rains of the season

1. Abrown spots ringed with yellow scattered over the older leaves
2. Bnarrow pale streaks running along the veins, with stunting
3. Cragged holes eaten out along the edges of the leaf blade
4. Da powdery white growth spreading over the surface of the leaf

1. Ashow which variety and which practice paid best on that piece of land
2. Btake the place of having a soil sample sent away for analysis
3. Cmake certain of a loan from the bank at the start of the season
4. Draise the price the grain fetches when it reaches the marketing depot

1. Athe yield record of the bags harvested off each field
2. Bthe input record of the seed, fertiliser, chemicals and labour
3. Cthe breeding record that is kept for the cattle on the farm
4. Dthe rainfall record that is kept at the homestead through each season

1. Aa fast growing gum that draws heavily on the soil water
2. Ba thorny bush that spreads by suckers right across the field
3. Ca leguminous tree with a deep root and a light canopy
4. Da tree with wide shallow roots and a heavy dense canopy

1. Aa slow growing tree cannot be planted among a field crop at all
2. Ba fast growing tree keeps every pest away from the standing crop
3. Cthe trees must give poles, fodder or fuel within a few seasons
4. Da fast growing tree needs no watering at all once it is planted

1. Athe crop growing below still receives the light that it needs
2. Bthe tree then draws no water at all out of the topsoil layers
3. Cthe leaves are easier to gather for fodder during the dry season
4. Dthe tree can be felled without doing damage to the standing crop

1. Auses less power, because no pump is needed to lift the water
2. Bdelivers the water straight to the root without wetting the leaf
3. Cputs the water on evenly and suits land that is not level
4. Dcosts less to install than a set of furrows across the field

1. Aapply fertiliser and chemicals dissolved in the water
2. Bharvest the crop once the water has been shut off at the pump
3. Ctest the soil for the nutrients that the crop is short of
4. Dlevel the land before the crop has been planted in the field

1. Athe soil surface is left dry in between the sprinkler heads
2. Bwetting the leaves of the crop helps fungal diseases to spread
3. Cthe crop cannot be irrigated more than once in any one given week
4. Dthe water reaches only the rows that lie nearest to the pipe

1. Agrow a tube down through the style so as to reach the ovule
2. Bsettle among the sepals at the base of the flower and germinate
3. Cbe carried by the wind or by an insect onto the wall of the ovary
4. Dsplit itself open and release its nucleus onto the surface of a petal

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Astore the food that has been eaten until the animal rests
2. Bcomplete digestion and absorb the digested food into the blood
3. Cgrind the food down into small pieces before it is swallowed at all
4. Dhold the water that is drunk until the animal has need of it

1. Akill germs in the food and give pepsin the acid it needs to work
2. Bbreak down the cellulose in the roughage that the pig has just eaten
3. Cneutralise the bile that flows in from the gall bladder
4. Dabsorb the amino acids released from the protein that was eaten

1. Astores the bile until it is needed for digesting fat
2. Bdigests the protein that the stomach has not broken down
3. Cadds the enzymes that act on the fat in the food eaten
4. Dabsorbs water out of the waste and forms the dung

1. Athickened wrinkled skin with scabs, and constant rubbing on walls
2. Bpoor growth, a pot belly, a rough coat and scouring
3. Ca high fever, blisters on the snout and lameness in the feet
4. Da twisted neck, greenish droppings and paralysis of the legs

1. Atake the digested food that the animal needs in order to grow
2. Bsuck the blood out through the skin as ticks and lice do
3. Cblock the windpipe so that the animal is unable to breathe
4. Ddestroy the hide so badly that it cannot afterwards be sold at all

1. Avaccinating the herd before the start of each new season
2. Bfeeding a ration higher in protein for a fortnight at a time
3. Cdosing regularly and keeping the pens clean and dry
4. Ddipping the whole herd once every week right through the rains

1. Amates animals of different breeds and brings in new blood
2. Bmates an animal with itself so as to produce identical offspring
3. Cmates animals of the same breed but of quite different ages
4. Dmates closely related animals, and fixes the traits that are wanted

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe isthmus of the oviduct
2. Bthe shell gland, or uterus
3. Cthe funnel, or infundibulum
4. Dthe magnum, or albumen gland

1. Aisthmus
2. Bmagnum
3. Cshell gland
4. Dvagina

1. Ainfundibulum
2. Bisthmus
3. Cmagnum
4. Dshell gland

1. Asupply the yolk on which the young embryo will afterwards feed
2. Bcarry the egg from the ovary along the oviduct to be fertilised
3. Cfeed the sperms and give them a fluid in which to swim
4. Dhold the sperms still until the egg has been shed by the ovary

1. Athe rabbits are able to graze the grass underneath the hutch
2. Bthe droppings fall through and the floor is kept dry and clean
3. Cthe hutch can be moved along to a new place every week
4. Dthe rabbits are kept warm right through the cold nights of winter

1. Awill not feed at all unless a breeze passes over the hutch
2. Bgrow their fur only when the air about them is kept still
3. Csuffer from colds and pneumonia in damp, stuffy air
4. Ddrink a great deal less water when the hutch is left open

1. A20%
2. B40%
3. C50%
4. D60%

1. Athe open surgical method and the use of a rubber ring
2. Bthe burdizzo and the debeaking of the young male
3. Cdehorning with a hot iron and the use of a nose ring
4. Dthe rubber ring and the docking of the animal's own tail

1. Afever, drooling, and blisters in the mouth and between the hooves
2. Bpale gums, yellow coloured urine and a rapid loss of condition
3. Ca twisted neck, circling movement and paralysis of the hind legs
4. Dswollen glands under the jaw and a marked swelling of the brisket

1. Aisolating the herd on the wettest paddock until it has recovered
2. Bdipping the herd every week and dosing it against roundworms
3. Cfeeding a mineral lick and raising the protein in the ration
4. Dvaccinating cattle, restricting movement and reporting outbreaks

1. Athe virus lives in the soil, where no drug is able to reach it
2. Bthe drugs that work on it cost more than the animal is worth
3. Cno drug kills a virus, so only the signs can be eased
4. Dthe animal builds up a resistance to any drug given to it early

1. Athe animals can be counted from a distance across the paddock
2. Bthe animals are protected from ticks throughout the rainy season
3. Cthe buyer can tell how heavy the animal is on the day of the sale
4. Deach animal can be traced in the records and its ownership proved

1. Afeeding a phosphate rich mineral lick through the dry season
2. Bdosing the whole herd against roundworms once every three months
3. Cgiving a vitamin A injection at the very start of the rains
4. Dmoving the herd onto a paddock that has recently been burnt

1. Amange, with thickened skin and constant rubbing against the walls
2. Bbloat, with a swollen left flank soon after it has fed
3. Cscours, with a watery discharge passed from the bowel
4. Drickets, with soft bones that bend under the animal's own mass

1. Ahides, horns, wool, eggs and bone meal
2. Bmilk, beef, hides, maize bran and bone meal
3. Cmanure, horns, feathers, hides, hooves and beeswax
4. Dhides, horns, hooves, bone meal and blood meal

1. Asupplies far more nitrogen per bag than ammonium nitrate does
2. Breturns organic matter and plant nutrients to the arable land
3. Ccan be fed back to the herd as a cheap source of protein
4. Dkeeps ticks off the pasture on which it has been spread