Agriculture Paper 2 November 1996

1. Athe winter grass is short of protein, so intake and digestion both slow down
2. Bthe grass carries far more protein than the microbes in the rumen can handle
3. Cthe grass is too long for the animals to be able to bite it off cleanly
4. Dthe cold weather makes the animals unwilling to leave the kraal to graze

1. Athe animals walk much further each day and so keep themselves fitter
2. Bno housing and no cut feed have to be provided for the animals at all
3. Cthe pasture is grazed down evenly because the whole herd is on it at once
4. Dmanure is easily collected, and parasites and disease are easier to control

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Asupplies the animal with all of the vitamins it cannot make for itself
2. Bprovides bulk that keeps the gut full and the food moving steadily through it
3. Cis digested more quickly than any other part of the ration the animal eats
4. Dsupplies the protein that is used for building muscle in the young animal

1. Athe manure that the game animals drop on the communal grazing land
2. Bthe reduction in the number of tsetse flies in the main hunting areas
3. Ctourism, safari hunting and the sale of hides, meat and trophies
4. Dthe grazing that game animals leave behind for the cattle herds to use

1. Acutting open drains and laying perforated pipes at a gradient
2. Bspreading a thick mulch of cut grass over the whole wet area
3. Cploughing the land along the slope and leaving the surface bare
4. Dplanting a shallow rooted crop over the whole of the wet area

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Acarry the pollen from one flower to the next one on the wind
2. Bprotect the ripening seed once the flower has been fertilised
3. Chold the nectar that the visiting insect has come to the flower to feed on
4. Denclose the stamens and the stigma and give the insect a platform to land on

1. Athe flower closes over the insect and holds it there until the morning
2. Bthe insect's weight presses the keel down so the anthers touch it
3. Cthe wind shakes the loosely hung anthers against the body of the insect
4. Dthe insect chews its way through the keel to reach the ovary below it

1. AA variable cost is paid in cash, while a fixed cost is paid by cheque
2. BA variable cost changes with the size of the enterprise, a fixed cost does not
3. CA variable cost is met at the end of the season, and a fixed cost at the start
4. DA variable cost is a small sum of money, while a fixed cost is a large one

1. Athe depth of the soil lying above the parent rock beneath it
2. Bthe way the soil particles are arranged into crumbs and clods
3. Cthe amount of humus present in the top layer of the soil
4. Dthe size of the individual particles that make up the soil

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Ais taken into the plant, so that sap suckers are poisoned as they feed
2. Bkills the insect the moment that it lands on the treated leaf surface
3. Cis washed off the crop by the first rain that falls after it is sprayed
4. Dacts only on the eggs of the pest and not on the adult insects at all

1. Ait costs the farmer nothing because it is made on the farm itself
2. Bit improves the structure of the soil as well as feeding the growing crop
3. Cits nutrients are readily available and are supplied in known proportions
4. Dit can be spread by hand without any risk at all of scorching the crop

1. Athe make of tractor that the neighbouring farmers have chosen to buy
2. Bthe colour of the farm buildings that are already standing on the land
3. Cthe number of years that the farm has been in the family's hands
4. Dthe capital available, the market for the produce and the labour needed

1. Acondensation of water vapour into cloud high above the ground
2. Bevaporation from open water and transpiration from plants
3. Crunoff into the rivers that flow on towards the open sea
4. Dinfiltration into the soil and down as far as the water table

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe law of constant returns
2. Bthe law of supply and demand
3. Cthe law of diminishing returns
4. Dthe law of the minimum

1. Achoose which seed variety should be planted next season
2. Bshow whether the business made a profit or a loss
3. Cdecide when the standing crop is ready to be harvested
4. Dwork out how much rain fell over the whole of the season

1. Athe wages paid to the workers who did the weeding of the crop
2. Bthe dates of ploughing, planting, weeding and harvesting
3. Cthe price that was offered by the buyer for the shelled crop
4. Dthe invoice for the fertiliser that was bought before planting

1. Aseparate fixed from variable costs and work out the profit or loss
2. Bdecide how deep the seed ought to be planted in the coming season
3. Ctell how much rain fell on the crop between planting and harvesting
4. Dfind out which of the fields on the farm are the most badly eroded

1. Adecide the wages that should be paid to the workers on the farm
2. Bvalue the implements standing in the farm store at the year end
3. Cmeasure the amount of rainfall that was received during the season
4. Dcompare the performance of the fields and plan the following crop

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aspreading fungal spores from one plant to the next as it falls
2. Bdrying the leaves out, so that the plant wilts and then dies back
3. Cwashing the nutrients down out of the reach of the crop's roots
4. Dshredding the leaves and breaking the stems, branches and fruit

1. Acarry the pollen right away, so no fertilisation can take place
2. Blodge the crop, shed the flowers and fruit and dry the plants out
3. Ccool the crop down so far that it stops growing altogether
4. Draise the humidity around the crop and so encourage disease

1. Aploughing the land repeatedly to leave a bare and clean surface
2. Bremoving the mulch from the land so that the soil warms up faster
3. Cplanting a long season variety as late in the rains as is possible
4. Dplanting early and using short season, drought tolerant varieties

1. Aplanting windbreaks and shelter belts of trees around the fields
2. Birrigating the crop in the middle of the day rather than at night
3. Capplying an extra dressing of nitrogen fertiliser at planting time
4. Dharvesting the crop before it has finished ripening in the field

1. Adusting the weeds with a contact insecticide as they come into flower
2. Brotating the crop so that weeds suited to one crop are broken up
3. Cspraying the field with a selective herbicide before it is planted
4. Dintroducing an insect that feeds only on the weed species present

1. Ait works faster than any herbicide over a large area of land
2. Bit leaves no chemical residue on the crop or in the soil
3. Cit needs specialised equipment that the farmer already owns
4. Dit kills every weed in the field in a single, quick operation

1. Athe surface is left so rough that rain water is unable to soak in
2. Bthe crop is forced to mature much earlier than the farmer intended
3. Cthe soil structure is broken down and the crop roots are damaged
4. Dthe weed seeds are buried so deeply that they can never germinate

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Acarries the antibodies that protect the calf against disease
2. Bis the only feed that a calf is able to swallow at that age
3. Ccools the calf down after the effort of being born
4. Dcarries the roughage the young rumen needs to start working

1. Athe calf grows horns that can afterwards be removed more easily
2. Bthe calf stops drinking water from the trough kept in the pen
3. Cthe rumen develops and the calf can be weaned onto solid feed
4. Dthe cow can then be milked twice a day instead of only once

1. Akeep infection from entering the calf through the open cord
2. Bmake the cow accept the calf and begin to lick it dry
3. Cmark the calf so that it can be identified in the herd later
4. Dstop the cord bleeding while the calf is still lying down

1. Athe interest charged on the loan taken out by the farm
2. Bits date of birth, its birth weight and its later weight gains
3. Cthe wages paid to the herdsman at the end of each month
4. Dthe price that was paid for the last bag of calf meal

1. Avectors such as ticks and flies, by contact, and through air, feed and water
2. Bthe wind alone, which carries the organism from one farm to the next
3. Cthe sunlight falling on the backs of the animals while they are grazing
4. Dthe dust raised by the herd as it walks along the cattle track each day

1. Araising the animal's temperature so far that the organism dies
2. Bkilling the organism that is already living in the animal's blood
3. Cmaking the animal build up its own immunity to that disease
4. Dkeeping the vectors of the disease off the skin of the animal

1. Aprevent the disease from passing on to the healthy animals
2. Ballow the veterinary officer to reach the animal more easily
3. Cgive it a quieter place in which to recover from its illness
4. Dmake it easier for the herdsman to give it some extra feed

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aallows the urine to soak away into the ground beneath the pen
2. Bis cheaper to lay than any other kind of pen floor would be
3. Cis easy to wash down and does not let the pigs slip
4. Dkeeps the pen warmer during the cold nights of the winter months

1. Athe piglets can be weaned within a few days of being born
2. Bshe can be fed a much larger ration than the other sows are fed
3. Cshe cannot lie down on the piglets and crush them
4. Dthe boar can be kept in the same pen alongside her and the litter

1. Aonce or twice a day, with clean water always available
2. Bonly when the birds are seen to be losing their condition
3. Conce a week, with as much grain as the birds are able to hold
4. Donly in the evening, with the clean water withheld overnight

1. Ais fed only once during the day instead of three times
2. Bloses her appetite for feed while the piglets are suckling
3. Cmust produce milk for every piglet that she is rearing
4. Dhas to walk a good deal further to reach the feeding trough

1. Aany length of stem, cut between the nodes, from a plant that has flowered
2. Babout 100 to 150 mm long, cut at a node, from the current year's growth
3. Ca whole branch taken from the oldest wood at the base of the plant
4. Dthe growing tip only, no more than 10 mm long, taken in the dry season

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aconsist of heavy clay so that the cutting is held upright in it
2. Bbe rich in nitrogen so that the cutting grows its leaves quickly
3. Chold water, drain freely and let air reach the cut surface
4. Dbe taken straight from the garden bed without any treatment

1. Aremove the water from it so that the medium drains freely
2. Bmake the sand and the peat mix together far more evenly
3. Cwarm the medium up so that the roots are formed more quickly
4. Dkill the disease organisms that would rot the cuttings

1. Aonce a week only, so that the seedlings are forced to root deeply
2. Bby flooding the bed until the water stands above the seedlings
3. Cgently, with a can fitted with a fine rose, so they are not washed out
4. Dwith a hose held close to the bed so that the water reaches the roots

1. Afoliar feeding
2. Btop dressing
3. Cbasal dressing
4. Dfertigation

1. Athe plant will not flower again unless it is cut back that far
2. Bthe stem is where most of the water in the cut flower is stored
3. Ca shorter cut would take the growing point off the plant
4. Da long stem is needed for the buyer to arrange and display them

1. Akill any insects that may be hidden away among the petals
2. Bhold them fresh until they are graded, packed and sold
3. Cdry the stems out so that they are lighter to transport
4. Dopen the buds so that the bunches look fuller in the box

1. Atying a set number of stems together, trimmed to the same length
2. Bpacking the flowers loosely into a box without tying them at all
3. Ccutting the flowers and standing them in a bucket of clean water
4. Dsorting the flowers into separate colours out in the field

1. Adries the petals out so that they are not damaged in transit
2. Bslows respiration, so that the flowers stay fresh in transit
3. Chardens the flowers so that they can be packed much tighter
4. Dmakes the stems grow on to the length that the buyer expects

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe field and the season in which they were grown
2. Bthe price the buyer has offered for each bunch
3. Cvariety, colour, stem length and stage of opening
4. Dthe weight of each box once it has been fully packed

1. Ablowing the dust out of the paper element and cleaning the sediment bowl
2. Bwashing the paper element out in petrol and refitting it while still wet
3. Cremoving the element altogether so that air reaches the engine freely
4. Dfilling the element with clean engine oil before every day's work

1. Aat the interval given in the manufacturer's manual
2. Bevery single time the fuel tank is filled up from the drum
3. Cwhenever the oil in the sump is seen to be dirty
4. Donly when the engine has stopped altogether and will not restart

1. Amakes the engine harder to start in the cold of the early morning
2. Braises the level in the sump above the mark set on the dipstick
3. Cno longer lubricates properly, so the moving parts wear
4. Dleaks past the seals and drips onto the floor of the shed

1. Adrain the whole fuel tank out and refill it with clean fuel
2. Breplace both the oil filter and the air cleaner element
3. Cgrind the valves in and reset all the tappet clearances
4. Dcheck the level of the oil in the sump with the dipstick

1. Astand it in water so that the soil on the tines softens off
2. Bpaint the whole implement before the soil has been removed
3. Cleave the soil on the tines so that they do not rust overnight
4. Dclean it, check the shares and tines for wear, and grease it

1. Athe coulters cut into the ground if the planter stands on soil
2. Bsun and rain rust the metal parts and rot the wooden ones
3. Cthe planter is much easier to hitch to the tractor in a shed
4. Dthe seed left in the hopper will germinate in the sunlight

1. Acut friction and keep water and grit out of the bearing
2. Bhold the discs firmly so that they cannot turn on the shaft
3. Cmake the discs cut deeper into the soil while harrowing
4. Dkeep the soil from sticking to the face of each of the discs

1. Aloose enough to swing freely as the harrow is drawn along
2. Bcoated in a thick layer of soil left from the last outing
3. Call bent backwards at the same angle to the harrow frame
4. Dtightly clamped on the frame, with the points still sharp

1. Asteadies the plough against the wall of the open furrow
2. Bcuts the furrow slice and lets the plough enter the soil
3. Cadjusts the depth to which the plough is going to cut
4. Dturns the furrow slice right over and buries the vegetation

1. Aconnects the plough to the chain that is pulled by the oxen
2. Bcarries the whole implement and holds all the other parts together
3. Cturns the furrow slice over so that the vegetation is buried
4. Druns along the furrow wall and steadies the plough as it goes

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Ajoin the plough to the trek chain of the span
2. Bsteady the plough as it runs along the furrow
3. Chold the wheel arms firmly against the beam
4. Dset how deeply the plough will cut into the soil