Agriculture Paper 2 November 2014

1. Athe part of the rainfall that enters the soil and is used by the crop
2. Bthe heaviest single fall of rain that is recorded in a given season
3. Cthe total rainfall recorded in the rain gauge over a whole season
4. Dthe rain that falls between the first planting rains and the last storm

1. Athe amount of rain that has fallen on the farm since the season began
2. Bthe water held in the soil after the free water has drained away from it
3. Cthe water that a crop loses through its leaves on a hot and windy day
4. Dthe water vapour in the air as a percentage of what that air could hold

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1. AA: infiltration; B: photosynthesis in the leaves of the tree
2. BA: precipitation; B: transpiration from the leaves of the tree
3. CA: condensation; B: evaporation from the leaves of the tree
4. DA: evaporation; B: respiration in the leaves of the tree

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Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Adrainage carries the cold water down to the roots of the growing crop
2. Bthe drains themselves are warmed by the sun and heat the soil around them
3. Cthe wet soil is shaded by the water standing on the top of the field
4. Dwet soil takes far more heat to warm than the same soil does when drained

1. APlanting a row of tall shade trees along the edges of the field
2. BIrrigating the land heavily just before the crop is due to be planted
3. CRidging the land, so that more soil surface is turned towards the sun
4. DLeaving a thick green cover crop standing over the land all season

1. A13,8
2. B34,5
3. C138
4. D345

1. Ahow many days must pass between spraying and harvesting the crop
2. Bhow long the chemical may be kept in the store before it goes off
3. Chow many hours the mixed spray can stand before it must be used
4. Dhow long the sprayer must be left standing before it is washed out

1. Athe protective clothing to wear and the first aid to give if poisoning occurs
2. Bthe crops that the farmer's neighbours have already sprayed this season
3. Cthe number of times the sprayer must be pumped for each row of the crop
4. Dthe price at which the produce sprayed with the chemical ought to be sold later

1. ALight, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll in the leaf of the plant
2. BCarbon dioxide, oxygen, phosphates and the salts held in the soil water
3. CLight, oxygen, nitrogen and the humus that is present in the topsoil
4. DDarkness, water, oxygen and the warmth of the soil around the roots

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Astores the sperms while they are still ripening after being produced
2. Bcarries the sperms from the epididymis towards the urethra at mating
3. Cadds the fluid in which the sperms swim as they leave the body
4. Dproduces the sperms that the animal passes on during a mating

1. Athe sperms are stored and complete their maturing after production
2. Bthe male hormone testosterone is made and released into the blood
3. Cthe urine collects before it is passed out through the urethra
4. Dthe fluid that feeds the sperms in the semen is manufactured

1. Athe blood supply of the testis is cooled before it enters the scrotum
2. Bthe sperms are given the sugars that they use for swimming to the egg
3. Cthe semen collects and waits until the male animal is put to a female
4. Dthe sperms themselves are produced by the animal in very large numbers

1. Aproduce the hormones that bring a female animal on heat at the right time
2. Bform the wall around the fertilised egg while it grows inside the uterus
3. Csupply the energy that the sperm needs in order to swim all the way to the waiting egg
4. Dcarry the genes, so that half of the young animal's characters come from each parent

1. Ablisters in the mouth and between the claws, so that the animals go lame
2. Bswelling of the muscles of the hindquarter that crackles under the skin
3. Cchewing of bones and old carcasses, stiffness, and poor breeding performance
4. Da bright yellow colour in the eye and in the skin, with dark coloured urine

1. Ascouring, with dung that is watery and streaked with fresh blood
2. Bswollen painful joints, so that the animal walks with a short and stiff gait
3. Canaemia, with pale gums and eyelids and a weak, easily tired animal
4. Da rough staring coat with bare patches of skin along the back

1. Aa much shorter gut in total, because grass is easier to digest than meal
2. Ba stomach of four compartments, while the non-ruminant has a simple stomach
3. Cno liver, so that the digestion of fat is carried out in the intestine instead
4. Da stomach that produces no acid at all at any stage of the digestion

1. Aswallows its food whole and does not chew it at any stage at all
2. Bdigests its food entirely in the mouth before it is swallowed
3. Cpasses its food through the gut twice before it is absorbed
4. Dreturns the food to the mouth and chews the cud a second time

1. Aquiet enough for a child to lead, whatever its breeding record may be
2. Bfree from disease, well grown for its age and sound in its feet and legs
3. Cthe heaviest animal available, whatever its conformation and its health
4. Dclosely related to the cows in the herd it is going to be running with

1. AThe performance records of his dam and of the line that he comes from
2. BThe number of animals that were offered for sale on the same day
3. CThe distance the animal has had to be transported to reach the farm
4. DThe colour of his coat, since colour decides the value of the calves

1. Amake it easier to tell one bird from another when they are handled
2. Bstop the birds from being able to drink from the automatic drinkers
3. Cmake the birds eat much more of the ration than they would otherwise eat
4. Dstop feather pecking and cannibalism from breaking out in the flock

1. Astop the doe from being able to reach the water bottle in her hutch
2. Bmake the rabbit eat less of the ration that it is being offered each day
3. Cinjure other rabbits and the handler, and catch in the floor of the hutch
4. Dgrow through the sole of the foot and lame the rabbit within a few days

1. AStrain the wire out along the ground, then dig the holes for all of the posts
2. BClear and peg the line, set the corner and straining posts, then strain the wire
3. CSet the standards in the ground first, then strain the wire and add the corners
4. DDig the holes for every post, then clear the line where the fence will run

1. Ais the post to which the farm gate of the paddock will be hung later
2. Bmarks the boundary of the farm and so must be seen from a distance
3. Ctakes the whole pull of the strained wires and would otherwise lean over
4. Dis made of a much softer kind of wood than the standards along the line are

1. Aloosening all of the belts so that they do not stretch while it is standing idle
2. Bwashing the whole machine down with water and leaving it out to dry
3. Crunning the machine empty at full speed for an hour before it is used
4. Dcleaning out the trash after use, greasing the bearings and tightening bolts

1. A4
2. B5
3. C6
4. D8

1. A100
2. B125
3. C160
4. D200

1. AThe natural region, rainfall and soils of the farm he is actually farming
2. BThe enterprise that needs the smallest amount of labour at harvest time
3. CThe enterprise that his nearest neighbour happened to choose last season
4. DThe crop that fetched the highest price at the market three years ago

1. Athe market for the produce and the capital the farmer can raise
2. Bthe colour of the soil in the fields that will carry the enterprise
3. Cthe name the enterprise has among farmers in another province
4. Dthe number of buildings that already stand on the farm at present

1. Ais the document the buyer uses to decide what to pay for the crop
2. Bshows in advance what the enterprise will cost and what it should return
3. Cguarantees the farmer the price that he has written down for all his produce
4. Dremoves the need to keep any records once the season has started

1. AA shortage of farmers willing to grow crops for sale in the country
2. BA complete absence of any market for grain anywhere in the country
3. CThe requirement that all produce be sold on the farm where it grew
4. DPoor rural roads, so that produce reaches the market late and damaged

1. Athere is no way of finding out what any buyer is paying for produce
2. Bprices swing widely, and most farmers sell at harvest when prices are lowest
3. Cfarmers are not allowed to store their own grain on their own farms
4. Dbuyers must take whatever quantity the farmer offers them at any time of year

1. Ait is bought only by the very largest of the supermarkets in the towns
2. Bit can be produced only in one district of the country in any season
3. Cit cannot be graded into different qualities before it is offered for sale
4. Dit must reach the buyer quickly, and cold storage is scarce and costly

1. Aa shallow soil over rock, which keeps the tubers near the warm surface
2. Ba heavy clay that holds water right through the whole of the season
3. Ca deep, friable, well drained sandy loam that the tubers can swell in
4. Da vlei margin where the soil stays wet from planting through to harvest

1. Adeep ploughing brings the subsoil to the surface for the crop to root in
2. Ba ridge keeps the tubers wet by holding the rain water around the plant
3. Cridging removes the need for the crop to be weeded later in the season
4. Ddeep loose soil and a ridge give the tubers room to grow and drain freely

1. Athe diseases and eelworms of the crop build up in the soil of that land
2. Bpotatoes make the soil so acid that nothing else can be grown on it
3. Cthe tubers left behind in the ground will crowd out the new planting
4. Dthe land will have no phosphorus at all left in it after one potato crop

1. Athe weight of the seed alone, which pushes it steadily out of the hopper
2. Ba fan that blows the seed out of the hopper and along into the furrow
3. Ca plate or roller turned by the drive from the ground wheel of the planter
4. Dthe farmer, who drops each seed into the furrow as the machine moves

1. Apress wheel firms the soil down, then the opener cuts, then the seed is dropped in
2. Bseed is dropped on the surface, then the opener buries it under the soil
3. Ccovering device closes the furrow, then the opener reopens it for the seed
4. Dopener cuts the furrow, seed is dropped in, then covering device and press wheel

1. Afilling the hopper right up to the top so that the seed feeds evenly through it
2. Bsharpening the openers so that they cut cleanly through the trash
3. Cgreasing every bearing on the machine and tightening all of the bolts
4. Dsetting the plate and the drive so that it sows the seed rate that is wanted

1. Aprotects the soil from raindrop impact, so less soil is washed off the land
2. Bremoves the need to apply any fertiliser at all to the crop that is being grown
3. Ckeeps the soil warm enough for the crop to be planted in the dry season
4. Dmakes it unnecessary for the land to be weeded during the whole season

1. Acuts evaporation from the soil surface and lets more rain soak in
2. Bkeeps the roots of the crop from having to grow deep into the soil
3. Cshades the crop so that the plants themselves lose less water
4. Ddraws water up out of the subsoil to the roots of the growing crop

1. Amakes a plough and a span of oxen unnecessary for any farm operation
2. Bdoes away with the need for any weeding at all during the season
3. Cneeds less draught power and labour, so planting can be done on time
4. Dguarantees a heavier yield than conventional tillage in any season

1. Aorganic matter builds up in the topsoil and no plough pan is formed
2. Bthe soil becomes so compacted that water can no longer drain out of it
3. Cthe residues left on the surface stop weed seed from ever germinating
4. Dthe soil is turned right over each season and so is aerated more deeply

1. Ahoeing the weed out of the crop before it has a chance to seed
2. Busing a living organism, such as an insect that feeds on that weed
3. Cburning the weed off the land at the end of the dry season
4. Dspraying a herbicide that kills the weed but not the growing crop

1. Ais large enough for the farmer to see it at work in the field on any given day
2. Bfeeds on the target weed only, and not on crops or useful indigenous plants
3. Ccan survive without the weed once the weed has all been destroyed
4. Dwill breed fast enough to be sold to other farmers within one season

1. Athe plants left standing grow taller than they otherwise would have grown
2. Bthe field carries the plant population that the recommended spacing gives
3. Cthe crop flowers later, once the rains of the season are well established
4. Dthe crop can be harvested by hand without the rows getting in the way

1. Adeep weeding at that stage would bring more nitrogen to the surface
2. Bthe weeds die of their own accord once the crop has begun to flower
3. Cthe pegs are entering the soil to form pods and must not be disturbed
4. Dthe crop can no longer be walked through after it has begun to peg

1. Ais harvested too early in the season for a top dressing to be of use
2. Btakes up no nitrogen at all at any stage during its growing season
3. Cfixes its own nitrogen through the rhizobium bacteria in its root nodules
4. Dis damaged by any fertiliser that is applied to the land before planting

1. Airrigate the crop heavily to wash the spots off the affected leaves
2. Bspray with a protective fungicide, since this is leaf spot of groundnuts
3. Charvest the crop at once, whatever the state of the pods in the ground may be
4. Dapply an extra dressing of ammonium nitrate to bring the leaf back

1. Aa pest of one crop is left without its host when another crop follows
2. Ba rotation kills the eggs of every pest that is lying in the soil
3. Cpests cannot move from one field on the farm to any other field
4. Dthe second crop in the rotation poisons the pests of the first crop

1. ALeaving the old crop standing in the field until the next season starts
2. BDestroying crop residues and volunteer plants after the harvest is over
3. CSaving seed from the plants in the field that were the worst affected
4. DPlanting the crop as late as possible so that the pests have moved on

1. Ait feeds on cattle in the wet season and on game in the dry season
2. Beach of its three feeding stages needs a different animal to feed on
3. Cthe larva and nymph feed on one animal and the adult on a second one
4. Dtwo ticks must feed on the same animal before either can lay eggs

1. Alays her eggs while she is still feeding, and then feeds on a second beast
2. Bmoults on the animal into a larger tick that starts feeding all over again
3. Cdrops off the animal, lays thousands of eggs on the ground and then dies
4. Dstays on the animal and lays her eggs in the skin where she is attached

1. Aburrow into the ground and feed on the roots of the grass they hatched in
2. Bfly from the grass onto the backs of the cattle as the herd goes past
3. Cfeed on the eggs remaining in the batch until they are large enough
4. Dclimb the grass stems and wait there for an animal to brush past them

1. Adipping the herd once at the beginning of every rainy season
2. Bdipping or spraying at the correct strength and at the correct intervals
3. Ckeeping the cattle in the kraal until the tick season has passed
4. Dburning off the grazing at the end of the wet season while the grass is green

1. Akeeps an animal alive and in the same condition, without any gain or loss
2. Bis fed to an animal in the last month before it goes to the abattoir
3. Can animal is given only in the dry season, once the grazing of the veld has failed
4. Dis fed to a young animal so that it grows as fast as it possibly can

1. Aover and above maintenance, for milk, growth, work or pregnancy
2. Bto any animal that is standing idle in a paddock during the season
3. Cto an animal that is being kept alive through a drought season
4. Dto a sick animal while it is recovering from a disease attack

1. Ais moved away from the sow to a pen of its own for the first day
2. Bis weighed and marked before it is allowed to reach the udder
3. Cis fed a creep meal ration within the first hours after its birth
4. Dgets the sow's colostrum, which carries the antibodies it needs

1. Airon makes the piglets grow a thicker coat for the cold nights
2. Bthe injection protects the litter against every disease of the pen
3. Ciron in the blood keeps the piglets from being crushed by the sow
4. Dsow's milk is low in iron and they cannot root in soil to find any

1. Athe piglets stop suckling the sow well before they are two weeks old
2. Bthey are used to solid feed and can be weaned without a check in growth
3. Cthe litter grows fast enough to be sold before it has to be weaned
4. Dthe sow can be taken away from the litter within a few days of farrowing

1. Acastration makes the pig immune to the diseases of the piggery
2. Bthe sow will not accept a male piglet in the litter after weaning
3. Cthe operation is easier on a small piglet and boar taint spoils the meat
4. Dan uncastrated pig cannot be fed on the same ration as the rest of the herd

1. AThe number of bags of feed held in the store at the time
2. BThe names of the buyers who bought the previous year's pigs
3. CThe market price of pork on the day that the litter was farrowed down
4. DService dates, farrowing dates, litter size and weaning weights

1. Arecords of the rainfall measured at the piggery each day of the year
2. Bfeed, health and financial records for the herd and its enterprises
3. Crecords of the price of maize on the world market week by week
4. Da record of the names of every person who has visited the piggery

1. Amilk fever, a shortage of calcium in a freshly calved cow
2. Banthrax, a bacterial disease that is notifiable in Zimbabwe
3. Cmastitis, an infection of the udder of a milking animal
4. Dbloat, a build-up of gas in the rumen of the grazing animal

1. Aa fracture of the leg from a fall in rough country
2. Ba tick bite abscess where a tick has been attached
3. Cfoot rot, an infection of the skin between the claws of the foot
4. Dblackleg, a bacterial disease of cattle in good condition

1. Athe bacteria form spores in the air that stay in the soil for years
2. Bthe blood would attract the vultures that spread the disease
3. Cthe hide will fetch a much lower price once it has been cut open like that
4. Dthe meat can still be sold if the carcass has not been opened

1. Abuy up all the cattle in any district where a disease has been reported
2. Brun compulsory vaccination campaigns against the diseases of the area
3. Cleave each farmer to decide whether his own herd should be vaccinated
4. Dpay farmers a bonus for every animal that survives the disease season

1. Aclosing the dip tanks of the district until the outbreak has died down
2. Basking farmers to sell their cattle quickly at the nearest cattle sale
3. Cquarantining affected areas and requiring permits to move any stock
4. Dallowing free movement of stock so that healthy animals can be moved out

1. Aallowing meat from an affected herd to be sold without inspection
2. Bleaving the reporting of any disease outbreak entirely up to the farmer himself
3. Crequiring every farmer to report a suspected outbreak to the authorities
4. Dfining the veterinary officer who is first to report an outbreak