Agriculture Paper 2 November 2019

1. AIt can be bought at any time from a shop as soon as a farmer has the money
2. BIt is created afresh each season by the rains that fall on a district
3. CIt belongs only to the person who happens to be farming it this year
4. DIt is passed from one generation to the next and cannot be manufactured

1. AIt matters only to the tourist industry and to the wildlife it carries
2. BIt grows crops and grazing, holds minerals and carries water sources
3. CIt grows crops only, and has no value beyond the maize that it yields
4. DIt is useful only where a title deed has been issued over the ground

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AUntreated poles will not take barbed wire because the bark is too smooth
2. BUntreated wood is destroyed by termites and by fungal rot below ground
3. CTreatment makes the poles a great deal heavier so that they stand firm
4. DTreatment makes the wood softer so that staples are easier to drive in

1. AThe hardwood grows slowly and gives dense durable timber, the softwood grows fast
2. BThe hardwood grows fast and gives light timber, the softwood is very slow to grow
3. CThe hardwood is planted in blocks by growers, the softwood only grows in the wild
4. DThe hardwood gives timber only for firewood, the softwood is used for furniture

1. AA rain gauge and the roof gutter of the farm implement shed
2. BA watering can and the tank used for mixing the dip wash
3. CThe morning dew on the leaves and the mist in the vlei bottom
4. DA farm dam and a borehole sunk into the underground water

1. ALeaving the land bare over the dry season and raising the stocking rate
2. BAdding well rotted manure, growing a cover crop and liming an acid soil
3. CPloughing the land while it is wet and burning the crop residues each year
4. DGrazing the stubble bare with cattle and working the land with heavy discs

1. AIt keeps the soil cold so that the roots grow much deeper into the ground
2. BIt is the only source of the nitrogen the crop uses to build its protein
3. CIt fills the pores completely so that no air is left anywhere in the soil
4. DIt dissolves the nutrients so that roots can take them up and move them

1. AGravitational water rises up the plant stem, capillary water sits on the surface of leaves
2. BGravitational water drains out of the large pores, capillary water is held in the fine pores
3. CGravitational water is held in the fine pores, capillary water simply runs off the soil surface
4. DGravitational water is the vapour in the pores, capillary water is the ice formed at night

1. AIt breaks the slope and leads runoff away slowly to a protected outlet
2. BIt soaks up all the rain that falls on the field so that none runs off
3. CIt raises the crop above the water so that the roots are never flooded
4. DIt marks the boundary of the field so that cattle cannot walk over it

1. AAcross the slope, along points of equal height, with a slight fall to the outlet
2. BStraight up and down the slope, so that the water leaves the field extremely quickly
3. CAlong the edge of the field nearest the road, whatever the slope of the land is
4. DIn a circle around the highest point of the field, at a steep grade all the way

1. AThe breed of cattle kept on the farm and the size of the grain store built
2. BThe water available, the slope and soil of the land, the crop and the capital
3. CThe colour of the pipes, the name of the supplier and the age of the farmer
4. DThe distance to the nearest school and the number of workers living on the farm

1. AThe new plants live for many more years than any plant grown from a seed
2. BThe new plants are identical to the parent, so the desired quality is kept
3. CThe new plants have deeper tap roots than any plant raised from seed can have
4. DThe new plants can be planted at any time because they never need watering

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AThey cover bare soil against erosion and add organic matter when ploughed in
2. BThey add nitrogen to the soil faster than any legume crop a farmer could grow
3. CThey keep insect pests off the crop by making the whole field smell different
4. DThey raise the yield of the crop growing beside them by shading its own roots

1. AIt works only in a greenhouse and can never be used in an open field crop
2. BIt is far more expensive than spraying and has to be repeated every single fortnight
3. CIt leaves no residue and lasts, but it reduces the pest rather than wiping it out
4. DIt removes every last aphid within a day and needs no further attention at all

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ARepaint the pump housing weekly and replace the whole impeller each month
2. BRun the pump dry for an hour each week so that the seals are dried out
3. CRemove the foot valve so the pump can draw water more freely from the dam
4. DCheck the oil, grease the bearings, clean the strainer and look for leaks

1. ASeason the poles, then remove the bark and put them straight into the fence line
2. BRemove the bark, cut to length, season the poles, then soak them in preservative
3. CSoak the poles in preservative, then remove the bark and cut them to length last
4. DCut to length, plant the poles in the ground, then paint preservative onto them

1. AAt field capacity the soil holds only air, hygroscopic moisture fills all the pores
2. BAt field capacity the soil is bone dry, hygroscopic moisture is water in the leaves
3. CAt field capacity the crop can still draw water, hygroscopic moisture it cannot use
4. DAt field capacity the soil is waterlogged, hygroscopic moisture means it is flooded

1. AAnyone able to use the service may join, and no one is forced to remain a member
2. BAnyone may join but no member is ever allowed to leave once they have joined
3. COnly farmers holding more than ten hectares of land are allowed to become members
4. DMembership is decided each year by the government officer for the whole district

1. ATraining is the only way in which a cooperative may spend any part of its surplus
2. BIt reduces the amount of tax the individual members have to pay on their farms
3. CMembers who understand the society's accounts and rules can control it properly
4. DThe law requires the money to be paid to the district administrator each year

1. AGather facts, act at once, then decide what the problem was and weigh choices
2. BWeigh the alternatives, review the outcome, then gather facts and act on them
3. CDefine the problem, gather facts, weigh the alternatives, decide, act and review
4. DAct at once, then define the problem, then gather the facts and review the decision

1. AIt is the document that proves ownership of the land to the district office
2. BIt shows the income and costs expected, so enterprises can be compared beforehand
3. CIt records exactly what was actually spent during the season that has now just ended
4. DIt fixes the price the buyer will have to pay for the crop when it is harvested

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AFloriculture, which is the growing of flowers and ornamental potted plants
2. BSilviculture, which is the growing of timber trees in plantations for poles
3. CPomology, which is the growing of fruit crops for sale or for processing
4. DOlericulture, which is the growing of leafy and root vegetables for market

1. AFloriculture, the growing of flowers and ornamental plants for sale
2. BPomology, the growing of tree fruits such as citrus and deciduous fruit
3. COlericulture, the growing of tomatoes, cabbages and other vegetables
4. DLandscape horticulture, the design and upkeep of gardens and grounds

1. ATo keep the tree dormant for an extra month so that it flowers much later
2. BTo open the canopy to light and air and keep the tree in a workable shape
3. CTo make the tree grow as tall as possible so that it carries far more fruit
4. DTo remove all of the previous season's growth so that only old wood is left

1. AThe strongest and best placed young shoots, because they will crowd the tree later
2. BThe main trunk is shortened first so that the whole tree is brought down in height
3. CAll the branches on the sunny side, so that the shaded side can catch up in growth
4. DDead, diseased, damaged and crossing branches are taken out before anything else

1. AA lighter crop of larger fruit sells for more and does not break the branches
2. BThe tree cannot flower at all in the season after it has carried a full crop
3. CFruit left on the tree draws the water away from the roots and dries them out
4. DBuyers in Zimbabwe will not accept a tree that has carried more than ten fruit

1. ADig a shallow scrape just wide enough to take the roots, and plant straight away
2. BDig the hole on the day of planting and fill it with fresh green kraal manure
3. CDig the hole and leave it open through the whole of the following wet season
4. DDig about a metre across and deep, keeping the topsoil and the subsoil apart

1. AA heavy dressing of ammonium nitrate to push the young tree along
2. BCoarse gravel and stones so that the water drains away very quickly
3. CFresh green grass cuttings so that the hole stays warm through winter
4. DWell rotted manure or compost together with a phosphate fertiliser

1. AAt tasselling, when the gaps in the stand can be seen most clearly from the road
2. BJust before harvest, so that the replacement plants are not eaten by any birds
3. CIn the following season, since a gap filled now will never catch up in any case
4. DWithin about the first week or two of emergence, while the crop is still even

1. AGive the whole amount at planting so the crop has it available from the start
2. BGive the whole amount once the cobs have already been filled with grain
3. CBroadcast it over the standing crop on the wettest day of the whole season
4. DSplit it, giving part at about knee height and the rest a few weeks later

1. AThe dry season after harvest, when the land is standing in stubble
2. BThe week of planting, before the crop or the weeds have germinated
3. CThe first six weeks after emergence, while the crop is small and open
4. DThe last three weeks before harvest, when the grain is drying on the cob

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ADown to roughly a tenth of its weight as water, so that moulds cannot grow
2. BDown to about a third of its weight as water, so that the seed stays alive
3. CDown to half of its weight as water, so that the seed does not become brittle
4. DIt does not need drying at all if the store itself is a cool and shady place

1. AWet the beans lightly so that the weevils drown inside the bags in the store
2. BMix a registered grain protectant through the beans and store them sealed
3. CSprinkle the bags with a general purpose insecticide meant for spraying cotton
4. DLeave the bags open so that the weevils can fly out of the store on their own

1. AShared with the fertiliser and the chemical store to save space on the farm
2. BDry and ventilated, rodent proofed, with the bags stacked clear of the floor
3. CSealed with no ventilation at all, and the bags stacked hard against the wall
4. DOpen on all four sides so that rain can wash the dust off the bags each week

1. AWind blows hardest in a valley bottom and blows all of the fruit off
2. BThe sun never reaches a valley bottom at any time of the growing year
3. CCold air settles there on clear nights, so frost damages the blossom
4. DThe soil in a valley bottom is always too shallow for a tree to root in

1. AHeavy clay that holds water at the surface all through the wet season each year
2. BPure river sand, because fruit trees take all of their nutrients from the air
3. CDeep and well drained, so that the roots can go down and never stand in water
4. DShallow over rock, so that the roots spread sideways and hold the tree upright

1. ATrees need water through the dry months, and fruit sizing depends on it
2. BWater is needed only to wash the fruit after it has been picked and graded
3. CThe trees are watered only in the year they are planted and never again
4. DWater is needed to keep the orchard soil permanently flooded all season

1. AFruit bruises and perishes, so it must reach the buyer quickly and gently
2. BA tarred road makes the trees grow faster because of the heat it gives off
3. CBuyers will only pay for fruit that they have watched being picked themselves
4. DThe law requires every orchard in Zimbabwe to be within sight of a main road

1. ACold makes the stems grow longer in transit, which is what the auctions pay for
2. BCold kills every insect on the flowers so that no inspection is needed at all
3. CCold changes the colour of the petals to the shade the export buyers prefer
4. DCold slows the flower's own ageing, so the vase life the buyer gets is longer

1. ASending the crop to the market only in the weeks when local prices are lowest
2. BA contract agreed with a buyer before the season, setting volume and standard
3. CCarrying the produce to the nearest roadside and selling to passing motorists
4. DWaiting until the crop is picked and then looking for whoever will take it

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AScald the bird, chill it, eviscerate it, then bleed it and pluck the feathers
2. BBleed the bird, scald it, pluck it, then eviscerate, wash and chill the carcass
3. CPluck the bird, bleed it, chill the carcass, then scald it and eviscerate it fully
4. DEviscerate the bird, then bleed it, pluck the feathers and scald the carcass

1. AIt sterilises the whole carcass so that no further washing is needed at all
2. BIt raises the mass of the carcass so that the dressing percentage is higher
3. CIt loosens the feathers in their follicles so that plucking is quick and clean
4. DIt cooks the outer layer of meat so that the carcass will keep for much longer

1. ABleeding is done only because the law of the country requires it to be done
2. BBleeding removes the fat from the carcass so that the meat is much leaner
3. CBlood left in the carcass spoils quickly and darkens the appearance of the meat
4. DBlood left in the carcass makes the animal much heavier and so worth more money

1. AThe gut has to stay whole so that the dressing percentage can be worked out
2. BGut contents carry organisms such as Salmonella that would contaminate the meat
3. CThe gut contents are needed whole because they are sold separately as animal feed
4. DA cut gut releases a gas that makes the carcass swell up and split its own skin

1. AA shaded earth floor, shared knives and workers in their own field clothes
2. BSlaughtering beside the kraal so the dogs can clear away all of the waste
3. CLeaving the offal on the slab so that it can be sorted at the end of the day
4. DClean water, disinfected knives, protective clothing and healthy workers

1. AChilling removes the last of the feathers that plucking may have left behind
2. BA cold carcass is easier to cut up because the bones become soft when chilled
3. CBacteria multiply fast in a warm carcass, and cold slows that growth right down
4. DChilling adds water to the meat so that the carcass weighs more when it is sold

1. A20 %
2. B50 %
3. C80 %
4. D125 %

1. AA pig has no rumen microbes to build the amino acids it cannot make itself
2. BA pig grows far more slowly than a cow and so needs its protein concentrated
3. CA pig drinks less water than a cow and cannot digest any protein without it
4. DA pig has a much longer gut than a cow, so the protein passes through unused

1. AVeld hay is a great deal more expensive than maize meal everywhere in Zimbabwe each year
2. BA pig refuses to eat any feed that is not ground into a fine meal before feeding
3. CHay carries too much protein for a pig and would make the growing animal too fat
4. DA pig cannot digest much fibre, so a bulky roughage ration leaves it short of energy

1. AIt is smaller and plainer, because a suckling sow moves about far less than usual
2. BIt is exactly the same, since a sow's needs do not change once she is full grown
3. CIt contains no protein at all, because the piglets take their protein from the milk
4. DIt is larger and richer, because milk production draws heavily on her reserves

1. AWater is the only source of the minerals that a growing pig needs in its diet
2. BA pig will not eat any solid feed at all unless the feed is soaked in water first
3. CWater washes the pig's skin clean so that no external parasites can attach to it
4. DA pig cannot sweat freely and needs water for cooling as well as for digestion

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ACutting the carcass releases a gas that poisons anyone standing close by
2. BThe blood inside is under pressure and would flood the surrounding grazing
3. CThe organism forms spores in the air that survive in the soil for many years
4. DThe meat would be sold before the veterinary officer had a chance to inspect it

1. AMoving the herd to fresh grazing and selling the survivors at the nearest sale
2. BFeeding a course of antibiotics to the herd every month through the wet season
3. CAnnual vaccination, prompt reporting to the veterinary officer and quarantine
4. DWeekly dipping of the herd and dosing every animal against internal worms

1. Aan internal parasite, which is why a drench clears all three from the herd
2. Ba mineral shortage, which is why a lick block prevents all three conditions
3. Ca bacterium, which is why an antibiotic can help and a vaccine can prevent it
4. Da virus, which is why an antibiotic is the standard treatment for all three of them

1. AA long thick woolly coat and short legs, which keep the animal warm through the night
2. BA very high milk yield with a low appetite, so it needs no supplementary feed
3. CAn inability to walk far, which keeps the animal close to the water point
4. DA loose short coated skin and a hump, giving heat tolerance and tick resistance

1. AHigh quality feeding, shade and water, because the breed suffers in the heat
2. BNothing beyond the veld, since the breed thrives on rough grazing unaided
3. CA dry hot paddock with no shade, because the breed needs sun for milk let down
4. DVery little water, because a high yielding cow drinks less than a beef animal

1. AThe cross always produces twin calves, so the herd doubles in one season
2. BThe cross keeps the local hardiness and adds the exotic growth and size
3. CThe cross produces animals that never need to be dipped or vaccinated
4. DA pure exotic herd is not permitted in the communal areas of Zimbabwe

1. AShe needs no shade, no clean water and no tick control of any kind
2. BShe can be worked in the plough all morning and still milk in the evening
3. CShe is small, eats less and gives milk with a high butterfat content
4. DShe gives the largest total volume of milk of any dairy breed there is

1. ANaturally acquired passive immunity, from antibodies made by the dam
2. BNaturally acquired active immunity, from antibodies the calf makes itself
3. CArtificially acquired active immunity, from a vaccine given at birth
4. DInherited immunity, carried in the genes the calf received from its sire

1. AArtificially acquired active immunity, since the animal makes its own antibodies
2. BArtificially acquired passive immunity, since the vaccine supplies the antibodies
3. CNaturally acquired active immunity, since no injection was involved in any way
4. DNaturally acquired passive immunity, since the protection lasts only a few days

Answer this when you sit the paper.