Agriculture Paper 2 November 1995

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe sugary fluid that draws insects into the open flower
2. Bthe developing seed, carried inside the ovary of the flower
3. Cthe ripened wall of the ovary, formed around the seed
4. Dthe stalk that carries the anther above the rest of the flower

1. ADose the herd against worms, move the animals onto fresh grazing and treat the sick ones later in the season
2. BDip the herd weekly, mix the sick animals in with the healthy ones and wait
3. CVaccinate the herd, restrict animal movement and report the outbreak to the veterinary officer
4. DVaccinate the herd, raise the stocking rate and sell the animals at the nearest market

1. Acombining nitrogen and oxygen in the air, so that nitrates reach the soil in the rain
2. Bbreaking down soil nitrates, so that nitrogen gas returns to the atmosphere
3. Ckilling the nitrifying bacteria that live in the upper layers of the soil
4. Dreleasing ammonia from the soil, so that it evaporates into the atmosphere

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AIncreasing the number of animals kept on the same area of land
2. BCrossing the local cows with a bull of an improved beef breed
3. CSelling the heaviest calves each year and keeping the smallest ones
4. DGrazing the herd on the same paddock throughout the whole year

1. Alowers the water table until it lies well below the reach of the crop roots
2. Bleaches nutrients away, waterlogs the land and encourages pests, diseases and weeds
3. Chardens the surface into a cap that the emerging seedlings are unable to push through
4. Draises the temperature of the soil, so that the roots of the crop are scorched

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aproduces the eggs that are shed at each heat period
2. Bholds the developing embryo once it has attached to the wall
3. Ccarries the egg down from the ovary to the body of the uterus after it has been shed
4. Dseparates the uterus from the vagina and opens to let the calf pass at birth

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Akraal manure is spread over the land before ploughing
2. Bcrop residues are ploughed back into the soil at the end of each season
3. Cnutrients are leached down below the root zone by heavy rain
4. Da legume is grown in rotation with the cereal crop

1. Aapplying gypsum, and irrigating heavily to wash the sodium salts down
2. Bburning the crop residues on the land at the end of each season
3. Cadding lime and wood ash, so that the pH is raised further still
4. Dgrowing a cereal crop continuously without applying any fertiliser

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Areticulum, rumen, abomasum, omasum
2. Brumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum
3. Cabomasum, omasum, reticulum, rumen
4. Domasum, abomasum, rumen, reticulum

1. Athe animals graze the whole area at once, so that no grass is wasted
2. Beach paddock is rested in turn, so the grasses recover and build up reserves
3. Cthe stocking rate can be raised sharply without any other change being made to the grazing
4. Dthe grasses are stopped from setting seed, so that weeds cannot spread

1. Athey carry a heavier crop of edible fruit than the indigenous species
2. Bthey can be harvested without a licence, unlike the indigenous species
3. Cthey grow quickly and give straight, uniform stems for poles and timber
4. Dthey resist termite attack better than any tree grown from local seed

1. Apacked in a heap in the corner of the field nearest the house
2. Bleft damp, so that the soil clinging to them does not dry hard
3. Ccleaned and coated with oil or paint, so that they do not rust
4. Dsharpened and then stood upright in the open beside the shed

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Asoil structure is disturbed less, and the residues conserve moisture
2. Bplanting has to wait longer, so that the rains are used more fully
3. Cthe soil is turned over more deeply, so that a great deal more plant nutrient is released
4. Dweeds are buried by the plough, so that no herbicide is needed

1. Avaluation records
2. Bfinancial records
3. Clabour records
4. Dproduction records

1. Araise the yield of the crop without having to buy any more fertiliser at all
2. Bprevent the outbreak of pests and diseases in the growing crop
3. Cavoid paying tax on the income earned from the farm produce
4. Ddecide which enterprise made a profit and which one made a loss

1. Athe profit and loss account for the whole of the farm
2. Bthe yield record for each variety grown last season
3. Cthe wages book showing the labour used at planting
4. Dthe inventory of implements held in the farm store

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe roots of the crop growing down into the subsoil layer
2. Bearthworms carrying the seed down into their burrows at night
3. Cthe plough turning the furrow slice over onto its side
4. Dwind, running water, animals and birds moving across the land

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Awide spacing lets the plough pass between the rows all season long
2. Bweed seeds are unable to germinate at all in a well fertilised soil
3. Cthe crop grows fast and closes over, smothering the young weeds
4. Dthe fertiliser is poisonous to weed seedlings but harmless to the crop

1. Acontact
2. Bnon-selective
3. Cselective
4. Dsystemic

1. Aa heavy crop of seed with very little leaf or stem growth at all
2. Bstunted growth, a change of leaf colour and poor resistance to disease
3. Crapid growth of the leaves with a very dark green colour throughout
4. Dan early and unusually heavy set of flowers and fruit on every plant

1. Athe soil around the plant warms up too quickly, so that the roots are scorched by the heat
2. Bthe roots are unable to respire, so the leaves yellow and growth is stunted
3. Cthe plant takes up so much water that the stems burst open at the nodes
4. Dthe soil surface hardens into a cap that the seedlings cannot break

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. APlant a single crop on the land year after year and apply extra nitrogen
2. BUse certified seed, rotate the crop and remove diseased plants from the field
3. CSave seed from the diseased crop and plant it on the same land again
4. DWater the crop over the leaves every single day and leave the diseased plants standing

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe bites of the stable fly around the legs of grazing animals
2. Bthe brown ear tick feeding on the ears of the affected animal
3. Cthe tsetse fly, which carries the trypanosomes from beast to beast
4. Dcontaminated drinking water in the vlei during the dry season

1. ASudden death of the whole herd within a few hours of the first sign
2. BBlisters in the mouth and on the hooves, with heavy salivation
3. CA swelling under the jaw and pale gums, with no rise at all in the body temperature
4. DA dull rough coat, watering eyes, loss of weight and a high temperature

1. Aleaving the same litter in the house from one batch of birds to the next
2. Bmixing the young chicks with the older birds as soon as they have hatched
3. Cchanging the litter regularly and feeding a ration containing a coccidiostat
4. Draising the number of birds kept in each of the houses so that they warm one another

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Abalanced ration
2. Bconcentrate ration
3. Cmaintenance ration
4. Dproduction ration

1. Areplaces the water that the animal would otherwise have to drink
2. Bsupplies the animal with most of its daily protein requirement
3. Ckeeps the rumen working normally and yields volatile fatty acids
4. Ddissolves the fat soluble vitamins so that they can be absorbed

1. Afailure of the animal to breed, although it is otherwise well grown
2. Bpoor resistance to disease, and blindness in the affected animal
3. Ccurled toes in young chicks and a poor hatch from the eggs that are set
4. Dsoft bones, caused by poor use of the calcium and phosphorus in the feed

1. Agrowth rate, conformation, milk yield and freedom from disease
2. Bthe distance the animal walks each day to reach the water trough
3. Cthe number of other animals already kept in the same paddock
4. Dthe colour of the hide and the length of the tail

1. Athe height of the sow measured at her shoulder
2. Bthe depth of the back fat measured at her shoulder
3. Cthe colour of the bristles running along her back
4. Dthe number of sound, evenly spaced teats she carries

1. Aboiling, salting, drying it in the sun and packing it into open wooden crates
2. Bwarming, sweetening, standing overnight and selling the next day
3. Cfreezing, thawing, mixing with water and bottling for delivery
4. Dcooling, filtering, pasteurising and packing under quality control

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aequal parts of loam soil, compost or well rotted manure, and vermiculite
2. Bequal parts of coarse river sand, wood ash and freshly cut green leaves off the trees
3. Cequal parts of subsoil clay, crushed stone and fresh kraal manure
4. Dequal parts of dry grass, sawdust and the sweepings from the store

1. Athe pollinating insects are absent then, so the flowers stay clean
2. Bthe stems are then at their driest and so are easiest to cut
3. Cthe flowers are then fully open and easiest to grade by colour
4. Dit is cool then, so the flowers lose less water and stay turgid

1. Avariety, colour, stem length and the stage of opening
2. Bthe field in which each of the plants was grown
3. Cthe weight of each bunch measured on a spring balance
4. Dthe number of leaves left on each of the cut stems

1. Aslows the flowers down so that they stay fresh until they are sold
2. Bopens the buds quickly so that the bunches look fuller in the box
3. Cwashes the pollen off the petals so that the flowers stay clean
4. Dmakes the stems grow longer so that they reach a standard length

1. Ahoeing between the plants and spraying a suitable herbicide
2. Bflooding the whole bed until the water stands well above the tops of the plants
3. Cburning the bed over at the end of every growing season
4. Dleaving the bed unwatered until the weeds have all died

1. Aa fungicide watered into the bed at the base of the plants
2. Ba systemic pesticide, such as dimethoate, taken up by the plant
3. Ca herbicide sprayed over the leaves of the affected plants
4. Da contact pesticide dusted onto the soil around the plants

1. Aboring into the roots and living inside them as adult insects
2. Bspreading a virus from one plant to the next as they feed
3. Csucking sap out of the stems until the plant wilts and falls over
4. Dcutting through the stems and chewing the leaves and the flowers

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Acovered with a layer of gravel to hold the runners in position
2. Bcleared of stumps, dug about 230 mm deep, manured and then levelled
3. Cleft under its own natural grass and simply mown short a few days before planting
4. Dburned over, watered heavily and then planted the following day

1. Aimmediately after the last rains, using seed sown broadcast
2. Bduring the coldest month, so that the frost breaks up the clods
3. Cin the middle of the dry season, when the ground is easy to work
4. Dat the start of the rainy season, using runners, tufts or rhizomes

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Akeep the grass dense and deep green as it grows on
2. Bstop the runners from spreading beyond the lawn edge
3. Ckill the broad leaved weeds growing among the grass
4. Draise the pH of the soil under the established lawn

1. Acrankshaft
2. Bspark plug
3. Ccamshaft
4. Dconnecting rod

1. Acarries the oil from the sump up to the moving parts
2. Bcarries the current that jumps the gap at the plug points
3. Copens and closes the inlet and exhaust valves in turn
4. Dseals the cylinder so that the mixture can be compressed

1. Adraws the exhaust gases out through the cylinder head
2. Bignites the compressed air and petrol mixture
3. Cmeasures the amount of fuel entering the cylinder
4. Dmixes the fuel with air in the correct proportions

1. Aopens the valve at the top of the cylinder at exactly the right moment in the cycle
2. Bstores the power produced so that the engine runs smoothly
3. Ccarries the spark from the coil down into the cylinder head
4. Dcompresses the air and petrol mixture and pushes out the exhaust gases

1. Ahold each animal's neck in place on either side of the beam
2. Bjoin the trek chain to the implement being pulled behind
3. Crest on the animal's back and carry the weight of the beam
4. Dare tied under the throat to keep the beam off the shoulders

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe implement runs deeper on the side of the stronger animal
2. Bthe weaker animal is pulled along and does not have to walk
3. Cthe stronger animal takes more of the load and the pair pulls evenly
4. Dthe yoke rides higher on the neck of the stronger animal

1. Ais cheap, available on the farm and a better insulator
2. Blasts far longer than asbestos does in the open weather
3. Cneeds no supporting timber under the finished roof
4. Dkeeps its shape when a grass fire passes the building

1. Alight and loose, so that rain water soaks straight through
2. Bsoft and fine, so that it packs down under the wheels
3. Chard and not easily eroded, for example gravel or stones
4. Drich in organic matter, so that grass binds the surface

1. Agrading the surface, clearing the drains and filling potholes with gravel
2. Bploughing the surface each season so that it does not become hard
3. Cwatering the road daily so that the dust is kept down all dry season
4. Dplanting a cover crop on the running surface itself, so as to hold the soil in place

1. Athe number of workers employed on the farm at present
2. Bthe age of the farmer and the size of his own family
3. Cthe slope of the land, the water supply and the prevailing wind
4. Dthe price that was paid for the land when the farm was bought

1. Aclearing the rocks and trees, levelling the ground, then marking and pegging
2. Bploughing the site deeply and leaving it fallow for a full season
3. Cspreading gravel over the whole site before the walls are set out
4. Ddigging out the foundation trenches before the site itself has been marked out