Agriculture Paper 2 November 1997

1. Aa legume is grown on the land and its residues are ploughed back in
2. Bkraal manure is applied to the land before the crop is planted out
3. Cthe land is left under a grass ley for two seasons in succession
4. Dsoluble nutrients are leached down below the reach of the crop roots

1. Athe nitrogen in the soil is washed away below the reach of the crop roots
2. Bthe soil dries out and the plants suffer moisture stress, so yields fall
3. Cthe soil becomes so cold that the roots are unable to take up nutrients
4. Dthe crop grows too quickly and runs to seed before the grain has filled

1. Athe flowers open before the pollinating insects have appeared
2. Bthe soil becomes so hard that the roots are unable to spread in it
3. Cthe leaves are burnt off the plant by the direct rays of the sun
4. Dtranspiration and evaporation rise, so the plants wilt and may die

1. Aburning it over at the end of each and every dry season
2. Bfencing it into paddocks, planting legumes and stocking correctly
3. Cleaving the bush to encroach so that the animals have shade
4. Dgrazing it continuously with as many animals as it will carry

1. Aopens at night, when the wind blowing over the field is at its strongest
2. Bcarries heavy, sticky pollen grains inside a small, tightly closed anther
3. Cis small and dull, without scent or nectar, and has a feathery stigma
4. Dis large, brightly coloured and scented, and produces plenty of nectar

1. Abecause the anthers are so small that each one holds very few grains
2. Bbecause most of the pollen is blown away and never reaches a stigma
3. Cbecause insects eat most of the pollen before it can be blown away
4. Dbecause the pollen has to travel through water to reach the stigma

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Agrowing a quick maturing crop between two main crops on the same land
2. Bplanting a border of trees around a field to catch the soil washing off it
3. Charvesting a crop before it is ripe so that a second crop can follow it
4. Dkeeping a field bare between two crops so that the weeds are destroyed

1. Athe crops and the animals owned by the farm at the year end
2. Bthe amounts that the farm business owes to other people
3. Cthe wages that were paid out to the workers during the year
4. Dthe cash held in the farm bank account at the end of the year

1. Ahammering the blade flat and standing it in water to soften the teeth
2. Bpainting the whole blade, teeth included, before it is hung on the rack
3. Cgreasing the handle so that it does not slip in the hand while cutting
4. Dsharpening and setting the teeth, then cleaning and oiling the blade

1. Athe tank has to be full of water before it can be pumped up again
2. Bchemical left standing in it corrodes the tank and blocks the nozzles
3. Cthe sprayer is lighter to carry back to the store when it is wet
4. Dthe pressure inside the tank cannot be released in any other way

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aa virus brought into the bed by aphids feeding on the seedlings
2. Ba fungus whose hyphae penetrate the young stem at soil level
3. Ca bacterium carried into the bed on the feet of the nurseryman
4. Da shortage of nitrogen in the soil mixture used to fill the bed

1. ABrown patches spreading over the leaves, followed by rotting of the fruits
2. BSeedlings falling over at ground level and then wilting away and dying
3. CA white powdery growth on the leaves, stems and pods, with stunting
4. DKhaki brown pustules scattered over the upper surface of the leaves

1. Aplanting the crop later than usual so that the fungus has passed
2. Bwatering the crop over the leaves each evening after the sun sets
3. Cdressing the seed with a fungicide and rotating the crop
4. Dspraying the crop with a contact insecticide before it is planted

1. Anitrification
2. Brespiration
3. Cdecay
4. Dfeeding

1. Alightning combines the nitrogen and the oxygen of the air together
2. Bnitrates are taken up by the roots of a growing crop in the field
3. Cdead plants and animals and their waste decay in the soil
4. Dnitrogen gas is fixed by the bacteria living in the root nodules

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aa hedge has to be watered every day right through the dry season
2. Bwire costs far less to buy than the plants needed to make a hedge
3. Ca hedge gives shade to the animals, which then graze much less
4. Dwire is quickly put up, easily moved and is not eaten by the stock

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Atestis
2. Bepididymis
3. Cprostate gland
4. Dseminal vesicle

1. Aoviduct
2. Buterus
3. Ccervix
4. Dovary

1. Astores energy away in the chloroplasts of the leaf as starch
2. Buses up carbon dioxide and water and gives out oxygen to the air
3. Ctakes place only in the green parts of a plant and only in daylight
4. Dreleases energy from food, giving off carbon dioxide and water

1. Athe movement of water up the stem through the xylem
2. Bthe loss of water vapour from the leaves out into the atmosphere
3. Cthe movement of manufactured food through the phloem
4. Dthe uptake of water and mineral salts by the root hairs

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aploughing to a depth of about 50 mm and leaving the surface in rough clods
2. Bflooding the land for a week beforehand so the weed seeds in it are drowned
3. Cclearing and stumping, ploughing 230 to 300 mm deep, then harrowing to a fine tilth
4. Dburning the standing weeds and planting into the ash without any ploughing

1. Ain summer, in rows about 600 mm apart, at a depth of 25 to 75 mm
2. Bat the end of the rains, in rows 2 m apart, at a depth of about 150 mm
3. Cin the middle of the dry season, in holes about 300 mm deep
4. Din winter, at a depth of about 200 mm, broadcast evenly over the field

1. Athe plants are still green and the pods are soft and pale in colour
2. Bthe first flowers have opened all the way along each of the rows
3. Cthe pods are dry, brown and well filled and the leaves are falling
4. Dthe rains have ended and the soil has become too hard to lift them

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe weed seeds lying in the soil are all killed by the first ploughing
2. Bthe crop is established and smothers the weeds as they germinate
3. Cweeds are unable to germinate at all in the early part of the season
4. Dthe herbicide applied at planting stays in the soil for much longer

1. Athe crop, and not the weeds between the rows, gets the benefit
2. Bless rain is needed before the crop is able to take the nutrients up
3. Cthe fertiliser dissolves much more slowly and lasts the whole season
4. Dthe weeds growing between the rows are scorched by the fertiliser

1. Aplanting the crop more thickly so that more water is used up
2. Bspreading a mulch over the land between the rows of the crop
3. Ccutting open drains and planting the crop on ridges
4. Dapplying a heavier dressing of nitrogen to the standing crop

1. Aploughing the land a good deal more deeply before the crop is planted
2. Bcarrying out a soil test and applying the fertiliser that it calls for
3. Cirrigating the crop more heavily right through the growing season
4. Dplanting a completely different crop on that land the next season

1. Ait is cheaper for the farmer than any kind of organic manure
2. Bit improves the structure of the soil in the way that manure does
3. Cit can be applied at any rate at all without damaging the crop
4. Dit supplies known nutrients in a form the crop can use at once

1. Athey add no organic matter, and usually make the soil more acid
2. Bthey add so much organic matter that the soil becomes sticky to work
3. Cthey raise the pH of the soil until the crop is no longer able to grow
4. Dthey take several seasons to become available to the growing crop

1. Aapplying too much fertiliser, or placing it against the plant
2. Bapplying the fertiliser while rain is falling on the field
3. Cusing a compound fertiliser instead of a straight fertiliser
4. Dploughing the fertiliser in too deeply before the crop is sown

1. Alist the implements the bank will take away if the loan is not repaid
2. Bprove how the enterprise has performed and whether it can repay
3. Cshow how many people are employed on the farm at the present time
4. Dgive the bank the right to sell the crop as soon as it is harvested

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aspreads fast and kills, and must be reported to the authorities
2. Bcan be treated by the farmer with drugs bought from any farm store
3. Caffects the animal's appearance but not its production at all
4. Daffects only the imported animals on a farm and never the local breeds

1. Ais a weakened form of the organism, so the animal builds immunity
2. Bsupplies the extra protein the animal needs to fight off the disease
3. Ckills the disease organism in the animal's blood within a few hours
4. Dkeeps the ticks and the flies that carry the disease off the animal

1. Agrow fast and convert feed efficiently, so they produce more
2. Bneed no housing, dipping or dosing at all on a Zimbabwean farm
3. Csurvive well on the open veld without any supplementary feeding
4. Dresist the tick borne diseases better than the indigenous breeds

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AA dull rough coat, watering eyes and paralysis of the hind quarters
2. BBlood in the droppings, with drowsiness and heavy losses among the calves
3. CBlisters in the mouth and on the hooves, with heavy salivation and lameness
4. DA swelling under the jaw, pale gums and a steady loss of condition

1. Aa shortage of minerals in the grazing of the affected paddock
2. Bthe bite of the tsetse fly as it feeds on an already infected animal
3. Ccontact with infected animals and with infected feed and saliva
4. Da protozoan parasite carried in the drinking water of the herd

1. Amoving the affected animals to a paddock further from the road
2. Bdipping the whole herd every week throughout the rainy season
3. Cdosing the whole herd with a broad spectrum antibiotic drug
4. Dvaccination, quarantine and the slaughter of the affected stock

1. Acarbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, roughage and water
2. Bcarbohydrates and water only, since the animal makes the rest itself
3. Cproteins and minerals only, because these are what build body tissue
4. Das much protein as the animal is able to eat at every single feeding

1. Agrowth, the repair of tissue and the production of milk and eggs
2. Bkeeping the animal's body temperature up during the cold weather
3. Csupplying the energy used up in walking, grazing and working
4. Ddissolving the fat soluble vitamins so that they can be absorbed

1. Athe product cannot be sold at all until the following marketing season
2. Bthe price rises, and the farmer earns more for each unit that is sold
3. Cthe price falls, and the farmer earns less for each unit that is sold
4. Dthe price stays the same, because the cost of production has not changed

1. Aprocess it into some other product before offering it for sale
2. Bsell it at once, whatever price the market is offering
3. Creduce the quantity produced until proper storage can be built
4. Dhold it back until the market price has risen back up again

1. Aspreading a layer of gravel over the site and planting the runners on top of it
2. Bmowing the natural grass short and planting between the tufts already there
3. Cploughing or digging to about 300 mm, removing weed roots and raking to a fine tilth
4. Dscraping the topsoil off the site and levelling the subsoil that lies beneath it

1. Aat 2 m spacing, laid flat on the surface and left uncovered
2. Bin rows 200 to 300 mm apart, with 2 or 3 nodes left above the ground
3. Cin holes 500 mm deep, with the whole runner buried out of sight
4. Dbroadcast over the site like seed and then rolled into the surface

1. Athe water carries the fertiliser down to the level of the runners
2. Bthe runners have no roots yet and would otherwise dry out and die
3. Cthe water settles the surface so that the lawn can be mown at once
4. Dthe water washes the loose soil off the leaves of the young grass

1. Athe weeds attract insects that feed on the young grass runners
2. Bhand pulling becomes impossible once the grass has begun to spread
3. Cthe weeds would otherwise flower and set their seed within a week
4. Dthe young grass cannot compete with established weeds

1. Adividing the clumps of an established plant every year
2. Blayering a shoot into the soil while it is still attached
3. Cseed, sown in a seedbed or sown directly into the flower bed
4. Dstem cuttings taken from the growth of the current season

1. Athe seedlings are planted out before their first true leaves appear
2. Bwater for irrigation is available throughout the growing period
3. Cthe bed is shaded from direct sunlight for the whole of the season
4. Dthe soil is left unmanured, so that the young plants are not scorched

1. Awould otherwise be eaten by animals walking through the bed
2. Bgrow so heavy that the stems snap under their own weight
3. Cmust be held clear of the soil so that the roots stay dry
4. Dare climbing plants and need something to hold on to

1. Aremoves the plants that are already carrying the disease organism
2. Blets the plants dry more quickly and lowers the humidity
3. Cleaves fewer plants for the fungicide spray to have to cover
4. Dmakes the remaining plants grow taller and out of reach

1. Asubsoil taken from well below the topsoil, so that no weed seeds are present
2. Bmixed with humus, manure or fertiliser before the plant is set into it
3. Csterilised by burning and then packed down hard into the bottom of the pot
4. Dwashed river sand, which drains freely and carries no disease organisms

1. Astop the roots of the plant growing out of the drainage hole
2. Bhold the plant upright in the pot while it is being carried about
3. Ckeep the leaves of the plant clear of the soil inside the pot
4. Dconserve moisture in the pot between one watering and the next

1. Achecking it for pests and cracks, polishing the leaves and grading it
2. Bremoving every flower from it so that the plant travels more safely
3. Cwatering it very heavily so that the pot is at its heaviest when sold
4. Drepotting it into a much larger pot on the morning of the sale

1. Amature and brightly coloured, and free of pests and disease
2. Bstill small, so that the buyer can grow them on at home
3. Cpast flowering, so that the buyer can see the shape of the plant
4. Djust planted, so that the roots have not yet filled the pot

1. Athe chain that runs back from the yoke to the implement behind
2. Bthe wooden beam that is laid across the necks of the two oxen
3. Cthe loop passed under the neck to stop the skeis from spreading
4. Dthe clamp fitted under the middle of the beam to take the pull

1. Araises the pressure in the radiator so that the water cannot boil
2. Bforces cold air through the core of the radiator to cool the water
3. Ccirculates water through the jackets, so hot water is replaced by cool
4. Dpumps water into the cylinders to cool the charge as it burns

1. Adrawing cold air through the core of the radiator
2. Bblowing air over the outside of the cylinder block
3. Cdriving the water round the jackets of the engine
4. Dlowering the temperature of the oil in the sump

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe building dries out quickly after rain has fallen on it
2. Bthe wind can be used to drive a pump standing beside the building
3. Cthe roof of the building is not lifted off by the strongest of the gusts
4. Dsmells and dust are blown away from the homestead

1. Athe walls can be built lower on the downhill side to save bricks
2. Bthe building is then hidden from the road that passes the farm
3. Cthe soil on a slope is always deeper than it is on flat ground
4. Dwater drains away from the building and levelling is easy

1. Avehicles are able to pass one another without leaving the road
2. Brain water runs off the surface instead of standing on it
3. Cthe gravel is held in the middle of the running surface
4. Dthe road surface is level from the one side across to the other

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Ait uses far less dip wash for each animal that passes through it
2. Bthe wash never has to be replenished once the dip has been filled
3. Cthe whole body surface of the animal is treated as it swims through
4. Dthe animals need not be driven through it more than once a year

1. Amany animals run through it quickly and no skilled operator is needed
2. Beach animal needs its own separate charge of fresh dip wash
3. Cit can be built without any excavation at all on level ground
4. Dthe animals dip themselves whenever they come down to drink

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aa raised hump built across the road to slow the vehicles down
2. Ba drain cut along the side of the road to collect the runoff
3. Cthe crown in the middle of the road that sheds water to both sides
4. Da shallow dip paved across the road that carries water over the surface