Agriculture Paper 2 November 2022

1. Aincreases the grazing left over for cattle on the neighbouring farms
2. Bforces the game rangers to move the herds onto a new grazing block
3. Craises the cost of maintaining the game fence right round the conservancy
4. Dcuts the number of animals that draw tourists and earn foreign currency

1. Athe animals move into the park at night and out of it again by day
2. Bthe surviving animals breed faster, and the herd recovers each season
3. Cthe grazing in the park is eaten out and the veld is left bare
4. Dsome species fall in number until they are threatened with extinction

1. Aplanting a long season maize hybrid as late in the season as possible
2. Bploughing the land up and down the slope so that water leaves quickly
3. Ckeeping the whole herd on one paddock right through the dry season
4. Dgrowing drought tolerant small grains such as sorghum and rapoko

1. Araises the yield in the first few years and then holds it steady for good
2. Bbuilds up the pests and diseases of maize and drains the same nutrients
3. Cmakes the land too rich in nitrogen for the crop that follows it
4. Dleaves the soil so loose that it cannot be ploughed the next season

1. Aploughing the field up and down the slope after every fall of rain
2. Bremoving the mulch from the surface so that the soil dries out quickly
3. Cburning the crop residues left standing at the end of the season
4. Dmaking contour ridges across the slope so that run off is held back

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1. Awater the land every day so that the particles settle closely together
2. Badd manure or compost so that the fine particles bind into crumbs
3. Capply a heavy dressing of ammonium nitrate before every planting
4. Dplough the land twice as deep as the roots of the crop ever reach

1. A7 kg
2. B21 kg
3. C42 kg
4. D70 kg

1. Apods that split open sharply and throw the seed clear of the plant
2. Bseed heavy enough to roll downhill with the run off water after rain
3. Chooked seeds that catch on the coats of animals and on clothing
4. Dwings on the seed that let the wind carry it a long way from the plant

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1. Aspreads a wide thin blade with its stomata on the upper surface
2. Bgrows more stomata on both surfaces so as to share the loss between them
3. Ccarries a thick waxy cuticle and sinks its stomata into pits
4. Dkeeps its stomata wide open through the hottest part of the day

1. Araise the price of the seed that the farmer buys at the start of a season
2. Blower both the yield and the quality of the produce that is sold
3. Cmake the crop ripen earlier in the season than the market wants it
4. Dcause the crop to grow taller than the harvester is able to cut

1. Areduce the amount of feed that the whole herd eats over the dry season
2. Bkeep the number of animals in the herd exactly the same from one year to the next
3. Cpass on the traits that are wanted, so each generation is better than the last
4. Dmake sure that every calf born on the farm during the season is a heifer

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1. Acutting the water back so that the shells of the eggs are not too thin
2. Bmoving the birds into a brooder house heated by an infra red lamp
3. Cdebeaking the birds for the first time on the day that they start to lay
4. Dchanging the birds from growers mash to layers mash and adding grit

1. A210 kg
2. B15 kg
3. C105 kg
4. D150 kg

1. Athe knapsack sprayer carried on the operator's back
2. Bthe mouldboard plough drawn by a span of oxen
3. Cthe planter that drops seed into an open furrow
4. Dthe scotch cart used to carry manure out to the field

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1. Asharpening the coulter so that it cuts more easily through the trash
2. Bsetting the hake and the depth wheel so that the share bites deeper
3. Cadding more oxen to the span so that the plough is pulled faster
4. Dturning the plough handles over to one side while it is working

1. Acut the crop off at ground level once the grain has dried out
2. Bturn the whole furrow slice over onto the crop that is growing
3. Ccut the weeds between the rows and loosen the soil surface
4. Dplace the basal fertiliser under each seed as it is being planted

1. Athe yields a neighbour reports from a different natural region
2. Bthe size of the loan that the bank is willing to advance to the farm
3. Cthe prices printed in the newspaper on the day the budget is made
4. Dthe farm's own records of past yields, costs and prices received

1. Aprices and marketing are set by a board or by the state, not by bargaining
2. Bany buyer may bid for the produce on the day it reaches the selling floor
3. Cthe price rises and falls freely with supply and demand from one week to the next
4. Dthe farmer sells directly to whichever buyer offers the highest price

1. Aa controlled market
2. Ban auction floor market
3. Can open roadside market
4. Dan uncontrolled market

1. Athe field record of yields and the livestock breeding record
2. Bthe profit and loss account and the balance sheet of the farm
3. Cthe cash book and the record of the wages paid to the workers
4. Dthe bank statement and the invoice from the seed supplier

1. Araise the seedbed so the crop roots stay above the level of the water table
2. Bhold the whole of the rain that falls on the field exactly where it lands
3. Cbreak the slope so that run off water is slowed and led away safely
4. Dmark out the boundary between one farmer's plot and the next one

1. Aburn off the weeds on the slope before the first rains of the season
2. Bput the land under grass or trees and stop cropping the slope
3. Cplough the land deeply along the line of the steepest part of the slope
4. Dplant the maize rows closer together so as to cover the soil sooner

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1. Adipping the seed in hot water so as to kill the disease it carries
2. Bcoating the seed with a rhizobium culture mixed in a sugar solution
3. Csoaking the seed in a fungicide overnight before it is taken to the field
4. Ddressing the seed with ammonium nitrate on the morning of planting

1. Araise the amount of phosphate the crop can draw out of the soil
2. Bkill the fungi that attack the roots of a young legume seedling
3. Cbreak down the seed coat so that germination is quicker and more even
4. Dfix nitrogen in the root nodules and supply the crop with it

1. Agrow far too quickly when they are left in a warm and dark store
2. Bwash off the seed if the land is watered soon after planting
3. Cattract termites to the seed while it lies on the ground
4. Dare killed by direct sunlight and by drying out in the heat

1. Aspoil quickly and must reach the buyer within a day or two
2. Bfetch a fixed price set by a board at the very start of the season
3. Chave to be graded by the farmer before they leave the field
4. Dare sold in bulk to a single buyer standing at the farm gate

1. Athe crop has to be irrigated by hand rather than by sprinkler line
2. Bthe seed of a vegetable crop costs more in the rural areas than in town
3. Cvegetables cannot be grown at all outside the rainy season of the year
4. Dtransport is costly and the produce wilts before it can be sold

1. Atake the place of the crop, so that no land has to be ploughed at all
2. Bgive shade, firewood and fodder while holding the soil in place
3. Cdraw on the same nutrients as the crop grown between the rows
4. Dshade the crop so heavily that no weed can grow underneath it

1. Athey are the only trees able to survive in Natural Region II
2. Btheir roots stay near the surface and hold the topsoil down
3. Ctheir root nodules fix nitrogen and their leaf litter feeds the soil
4. Dthey grow so slowly that they do not compete with the crop for water

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Astop the tree from flowering more than once in the same season
2. Bopen the canopy to light and air and to shape the bearing wood
3. Cremove the roots that grow out beyond the drip line of the tree
4. Dmake the tree grow taller so that more fruit can be carried on it

1. Athe trees do not have to compete with weeds for water and nutrients
2. Bthe fruit that falls can be gathered up and sold along with the crop
3. Cthe trees can be sprayed without wetting the grass growing below
4. Dthe roots are forced to grow deeper down into the subsoil

1. Aleave fewer fruits so that each of them grows to a good size
2. Bcut the water that the tree draws from the soil during summer
3. Clet the tree flower for a second time later in the same season
4. Dstop birds from finding the fruit hidden away among the leaves

1. Aleaves a chemical residue on the crop that is harvested later on
2. Bcuts the crop roots and can spread weeds that grow from cut pieces
3. Ccannot be used on any field larger than a single hectare in size
4. Dkills the weeds only after the crop has already finished flowering

1. Athere are no rows along which the implement can be driven
2. Bthe soil is too loose to carry the weight of the implement
3. Cthe weeds germinate later than they do in a crop planted in rows
4. Dthe implement cannot cut a weed once the weed has flowered

1. Athe leaves stay upright while the seedlings are carried out to the field
2. Bthe seedlings take up all the fertiliser left over in the nursery bed
3. Cthe bed is soft enough for the next sowing to be made straight away
4. Dthe roots come away with soil on them and are not torn from the plant

1. Athe leaves open more widely once the sun has gone down
2. Bthe soil out in the field is at its warmest at the end of the day
3. Cthe seedlings then lose less water while they are taking root
4. Dthe insects that attack young seedlings feed only in the morning

1. Apush out the leafy growth that the crop is grown and sold for
2. Bbring the crop into flower so that its seed can be collected
3. Charden the leaves so that insects find them difficult to feed on
4. Dmake the roots swell into the part of the plant that is eaten

1. Ait decides how much of the fertiliser will dissolve in the soil water
2. Bit sets the rate at which the crop germinates, grows and ripens
3. Cit controls the number of weed seeds carried into the field by wind
4. Dit fixes the depth at which the seed of the crop has to be planted

1. Afreezes the water inside the plant cells and kills the tissue
2. Bwashes the nutrients out of the leaves of the plant as it is growing
3. Cstops the roots from anchoring the plant firmly in the soil
4. Dmakes the fruit ripen before it has reached its full size

1. Aare the only parts of the whole country that are free of winter frost
2. Blie much closer to the markets in which the grain is finally sold
3. Creceive higher and more reliable rainfall through the growing season
4. Dhave soils that hold no water at all during the dry months of the year

1. Acutting the roots into pieces so that they fit the packing crate
2. Bdrying the roots in the sun until the skins begin to wrinkle
3. Cleaving the soil on them and tying the roots into very large bundles
4. Dwashing off the soil, trimming the tops and grading them by size

1. Abuyers pay more for an even, clean and well sized product
2. Bgrading removes the need to wash the roots before they are packed
3. Cgrading raises the total mass of the crop that leaves the farm gate
4. Dungraded roots cannot be carried to the market on an open scotch cart

1. Athe daily mass gain, the feed conversion and the price per kilogram
2. Bthe dates of dipping and of dosing, and the drug that was used on each occasion
3. Cthe service date, the boar used, the farrowing date and the number born
4. Dthe date bought, the price paid, the feed eaten and the date sold

1. Adecide the price at which the weaners will be sold at the market
2. Bmeasure the amount of water that the whole herd drinks in a week
3. Cknow when she is due to farrow and cull her if she breeds badly
4. Dwork out how much the farrowing pen cost to build in the first place

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aneed no dipping, because they resist ticks better than local cattle do
2. Bsurvive on the poorest of grazing without any supplementary feeding
3. Cgive far more milk, or grow much faster, than the local breeds do
4. Dcalve twice in a year, where an indigenous cow calves only once

1. Aproduces calves that cannot be sold on the local cattle market at all
2. Bneeds better feeding and stands heat, ticks and disease less well
3. Ccannot be crossed with any of the indigenous breeds of cattle
4. Dgrows too slowly to reach a market mass within two seasons

1. Amake sure that all the calves are born in the very same month
2. Bproduce a herd that no longer has to be dipped for ticks at all
3. Ckeep the hardiness of the local cow and add growth to the calf
4. Draise the amount of grazing that the herd needs in each season

1. Araises the number of birds that the house is allowed to carry
2. Bwarms the house so that the next batch of chicks will not need a brooder
3. Cremoves the litter and the organisms that would infect the next batch
4. Dmakes the concrete floor last much longer than an earth floor would

1. Afeeding a higher level of protein right through the wet season
2. Bdipping the whole herd twice a week during the rainy months
3. Cmoving the herd onto the wettest paddock available on the farm
4. Dkeeping the pens dry and clean so the feet are not always wet

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1. Agreenish diarrhoea, gasping and the head twisted round to one side
2. Bswollen wattles, a thick nasal discharge and blood in the droppings
3. Cwhite pasty droppings, ruffled feathers and slow growth in the chicks
4. Dlameness, swollen joints and a drop in the mass of the eggs laid

1. Avaccinating the birds and keeping new stock away from the flock
2. Bfeeding a higher level of protein to the flock throughout winter
3. Cdosing the birds with an antibiotic in their drinking water
4. Ddusting the birds and the house against lice and against mites

1. Ais stored in the rumen and released when the grazing has dried up
2. Bsupplies the protein that builds muscle in a fast growing animal
3. Ccarries digested food and wastes round the body and cools it
4. Dsupplies the energy that the animal uses for work and for growth

1. Aeat less feed and drop sharply in the milk that she gives
2. Beat more roughage in order to make up for the water she has lost
3. Cgive milk with a higher fat content than she did the day before
4. Dlose condition only after several days have passed without water

1. Awater standing in the trough keeps the flies away from the pen floor
2. Bpigs cannot sweat, and depend on water to keep cool and to digest
3. Cpigs drink only once a day and need a full trough at that one time
4. Dpigs take all the water they need from the maize meal that they eat

1. Agiving them feed in a pen the sow cannot enter, before weaning
2. Bletting the piglets graze the pasture beside the farrowing pen
3. Cmoving the whole litter to a warmer pen for the first week of life
4. Dfeeding the sow extra meal so that she milks more heavily

1. Amakes the piglets grow without taking any milk from the sow at all
2. Bkeeps the piglets in one place so that they can easily be counted
3. Cgets them onto solid feed early, so weaning checks their growth less
4. Dmeans that the sow can be taken away in the first week after farrowing

1. Ascouring, sunken eyes and a rough dry coat over the whole back
2. Bswollen joints, lameness and a thick discharge coming from the nose
3. Cpale gums, a pot belly and worm segments seen in the droppings
4. Drestlessness, damaged ears and teats, and a loss of body condition

1. Ahard swellings under the jaw that burst and discharge pus
2. Ba sudden high fever, with the animal standing completely off its feed
3. Cthickened wrinkled skin with scabs, and constant rubbing on the walls
4. Dclear watery blisters on the snout and in between the claws

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aa swollen abdomen filled with fluid drawn out of the blood stream
2. Btwisted legs and soft bones that bend under the animal's own mass
3. Cloose green droppings and a sudden drop in the feed that is eaten
4. Dslow growth, poor fur or feathering, and a low mass for the age

1. Alay fewer eggs, and lay them smaller than the birds usually do
2. Blay eggs whose shells break as soon as they are picked up
3. Ccome into lay several weeks earlier than the flock normally would
4. Deat a great deal less feed and drink far more water than usual

1. A1.125 kg
2. B1.875 kg
3. C3.000 kg
4. D0.375 kg

1. Acool cloudy weather, with green grazing after a fall of rain
2. Bhot weather, together with a ration of dry veld hay
3. Ca shaded paddock carrying a low stocking rate of cattle
4. Dbeing penned on her own away from the rest of the herd

1. Aher rumen holds less roughage during the weeks that she is milked
2. Bshe is fed on a much wetter ration than a cow that is not milking
3. Cshe is walked a good deal further to the grazing than a dry cow is
4. Dmilk is mostly water, and what she gives out has to be replaced