Geography Paper 2 November 2003

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AThe circle's radius, set directly proportional to population, so doubling the population doubles the radius.
2. BThe circle's area, set proportional to population by making the radius proportional to the square root of the population value.
3. CThe circle's circumference, set directly proportional to population, so doubling the population doubles the distance around the edge.
4. DThe circle's diameter, set directly proportional to population, so doubling the population doubles the width across the circle.

1. ASo that the total number of dots drawn always equals the country's total population divided by the overall printed area of the finished map.
2. BSo that every dot drawn on the map is made to represent exactly the same fixed land area, no matter how many people actually live within that area.
3. CSo that dots can be shaded in a different colour for each administrative province, letting a reader identify which province any rural resident belongs to.
4. DSo that dots in the most densely populated areas do not merge into a solid mass, while dots in sparsely populated areas remain individually visible.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AThe difference between the birth rate and the death rate, expressed as a rate of population growth.
2. BThe rate at which people permanently leave a country, often measured as departures per 1000 population per year.
3. CThe rate of deaths in a population, often measured as deaths per 1000 population per year.
4. DThe rate of live births in a population, often measured as births per 1000 women of childbearing age.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. AEurope is the only region among those listed projected to show a slight population decline over the period.
2. BEurope is projected to roughly double its population, matching the projected growth rate of Latin America and the Caribbean.
3. CEurope is projected to show the fastest proportional population growth of all the regions listed.
4. DEurope is projected to grow faster than Africa in absolute population terms over the period.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ALow fertility with rising mortality, combined with widespread access to modern fertiliser, irrigation and improved seed varieties across most farming regions.
2. BHigh fertility with mortality as low as in Europe, combined with abundant capital investment in large-scale, fully mechanised irrigated agriculture.
3. CAn overall declining total population, combined with land degradation caused mainly by industrial pollution rather than by any farming practices.
4. DHigh fertility with falling but still moderate mortality, combined with limited access to fertiliser, irrigation and improved seed varieties.

1. AOver-urbanisation occurs only when a country's total population growth rate falls below zero for several consecutive calendar years.
2. BOver-urbanisation is simply another name used for any increase at all in the proportion of a population living in towns and cities.
3. COver-urbanisation describes a fall in city population as residents migrate back to rural areas faster than infrastructure can be reduced to match.
4. DOver-urbanisation occurs when urban population growth outpaces the growth of urban employment and infrastructure, unlike ordinary urbanisation.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ATransport costs are identical everywhere within a city, so land use patterns are shaped mainly by variation in soil quality rather than distance.
2. BDifferent land users bid most for land nearest the centre, where accessibility is highest, and each land use has its own bid rent curve that falls off with distance.
3. CGovernment zoning laws require retail, industrial and residential land uses to be arranged in a fixed circular order around every city centre, regardless of accessibility or land values.
4. DLand near the centre is always the cheapest to buy, so only poorer residents can afford to live there while wealthier residents move to the edge.

1. AIndustrial land use, because factories require the largest plots of land, which are assumed to be cheapest near the centre.
2. BRetail and commercial land use, because high accessibility to the centre maximises potential customer footfall and trade.
3. CResidential land use, because households are assumed to value living as close as possible to the centre above every other land user.
4. DAgricultural land use, because farmers are assumed to need central land to minimise transport costs to nearby markets.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ASubsistence farmers sell any surplus produce into commercial markets, supplementing household consumption with cash income.
2. BSubsistence farmers are legally barred from selling any of their produce, keeping the two farming systems permanently separate.
3. CCommercial farms grow only crops that subsistence farmers never grow, so the two systems never compete for the same land.
4. DCommercial farming replaces subsistence farming completely within a few years of the two systems coming into contact.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. ATourism involves travel away from one's usual place of residence, typically overnight, while recreation can take place close to home without travel.
2. BTourism and recreation are simply two different names for exactly the same underlying set of leisure activities, with no meaningful distinction.
3. CTourism refers only to leisure activities that take place within a person's own home town, while recreation always requires travel to a foreign country.
4. DTourism requires a stay of at least one full calendar year away from home, while recreation requires only a single night spent away from home.

1. AThe area's distance from the equator and its average annual rainfall total, which together determine whether minerals can be economically extracted.
2. BThe number of rival mining companies already operating in neighbouring countries, since this alone decides where a new mining area develops.
3. CPresence of the mineral resource itself, transport access to move ore to processing or export points, availability of capital investment, and government mining policy.
4. DPresence of the mineral resource alone, since transport links, capital investment and government mining policy are assumed to have no bearing whatsoever on whether mining development eventually occurs.

1. APressure on centralised waste-disposal infrastructure from a large, densely concentrated population.
2. BWater pollution caused mainly by industrial effluent discharged from factories into urban rivers.
3. COvergrazing, deforestation and poor cultivation practices leading to soil erosion and land degradation.
4. DConcentration of traffic and heavy industry producing air pollution across a large, densely built-up urban area.

1. AIndustrialised regions export mostly manufactured goods, while resource-rich, less industrialised regions export mostly primary commodities such as fuels or food and raw materials.
2. BResource-rich regions such as OPEC export mostly manufactured goods, while industrialised regions such as Japan and the EEC export mostly fuels.
3. CFood and raw materials dominate the exports of every region shown, including industrialised regions such as Japan, the EEC and the USA.
4. DAll major world trading regions export almost exactly the same broad proportions of manufactured goods, fuels, and food and raw materials, with no clear regional pattern visible at all.