Chemistry Paper 2 June 2014

Tap to enlarge

1. Ais closer to the nucleus
2. Bcomes from a 3p orbital, which is higher in energy than the 3s
3. Ccomes from a completely filled 3s orbital
4. Dexperiences a greater nuclear charge

1. Asulphur has a larger nuclear charge
2. Bphosphorus has a half filled 3p subshell and sulphur has a paired 3p electron
3. Csulphur atoms are smaller than phosphorus atoms
4. Dphosphorus forms a stable $P_4$ molecule

1. Aaluminium
2. Bsilicon
3. Csodium
4. Dmagnesium

1. Aremove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms, forming one mole of singly-charged gaseous cations.
2. Bremove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous molecules, forming one mole of singly-charged molecular cations.
3. Cadd one mole of electrons to one mole of gaseous atoms, forming one mole of singly-charged gaseous anions.
4. Dremove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous unipositive ions, forming one mole of doubly-charged cations.

1. Athe shielding from inner-shell electrons increases faster than the nuclear charge across the period.
2. Bthe nuclear charge increases while the shielding from inner shells stays roughly constant, so the outer electron is held more strongly.
3. Cthe atomic radius increases across the period, pulling the outer electron closer to the nucleus.
4. Dthe number of occupied electron shells increases by one at every element across the period.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Acalcium's outer electron occupies the 4s orbital, which is further from the nucleus and more shielded by additional inner shells than magnesium's 3s electron.
2. Bcalcium has a smaller nuclear charge than magnesium, so its outer electron is held less strongly.
3. Ccalcium's outer electron occupies a 3d orbital, which is higher in energy than magnesium's 3s orbital.
4. Dcalcium is in the same period as magnesium but has one fewer occupied shell, reducing the shielding it experiences.

1. Athe steady increase in atomic radius observed down any single group of the periodic table.
2. Bthe rise in successive ionisation energies observed as more electrons are removed from one atom.
3. Cthe recurring pattern in a physical or chemical property of the elements, repeating at regular intervals as atomic number increases across successive periods.
4. Dthe tendency of every element within the same period to share identical chemical properties.

1. A$\frac{[CO_2][H_2]^4}{[CH_4][H_2O]^2}$
2. B$\frac{[CO_2] + [H_2]^4}{[CH_4] + [H_2O]^2}$
3. C$\frac{[CH_4][H_2O]^2}{[CO_2][H_2]^4}$
4. D$\frac{[CO_2][H_2]}{[CH_4][H_2O]}$

1. A0.10
2. B0.20
3. C0.40
4. D2.00

1. A$0.32\ mol^{-2}dm^6$
2. B$3.13\ mol^2dm^{-6}$
3. C$0.08\ mol^2dm^{-6}$
4. D$0.32\ mol^2dm^{-6}$

1. Alowers the total pressure, so the equilibrium shifts towards the side with more gas moles (the products), increasing the amount of hydrogen produced.
2. Blowers the total pressure, so the equilibrium shifts towards the side with fewer gas moles (the reactants), decreasing the amount of hydrogen produced.
3. Chas no effect on the position of equilibrium, since $K_c$ itself does not change with volume, so the amount of hydrogen is unchanged.
4. Draises the total pressure, so the equilibrium shifts towards the reactants, decreasing the amount of hydrogen produced.

1. Ashifts the equilibrium towards the reactants (the exothermic direction), decreasing the amount of hydrogen produced.
2. Bonly slows the rate of both the forward and reverse reactions equally, leaving the amount of hydrogen produced unchanged.
3. Cshifts the equilibrium towards the products (the endothermic direction), increasing the amount of hydrogen produced.
4. Dincreases $K_c$, since a lower temperature favours the formation of more stable products, increasing the amount of hydrogen produced.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aone mole of a fuel is burned in air at any temperature
2. Bone gram of a substance is completely burned in oxygen
3. Cone mole of a compound is formed from its elements
4. Done mole of a substance is completely burned in oxygen under standard conditions

1. A71.1 kJ
2. B96.2 kJ
3. C284 kJ
4. D25.1 kJ

1. A$-2500$
2. B$-2201$
3. C$-1100$
4. D$-71.1$

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Athe bond-energy method double counts the energy released when the water product forms.
2. Bpentan-2-ol's molecular formula is different in the two calculation methods.
3. CData Booklet bond energies are average values taken across many different compounds, not values specific to pentan-2-ol's own actual bonds.
4. Dthe specific heat capacity used in the experimental calculation fully corrects for any heat lost to the surroundings.

1. A$HOOC(CH_2)_2COOH$
2. B$HOCH_2CH_2CH_2OH$
3. C$CH_3CH_2CHO$
4. D$HO(CH_2)_2COOH$

1. Apropanal
2. Bpropane-1,3-diol
3. Cpropanedioic acid
4. Dpropanoic acid

1. Anucleophilic substitution
2. Belectrophilic addition
3. Coxidation
4. Delimination

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aelimination, forming pent-2-ene.
2. Bnucleophilic substitution, forming pentan-3-amine.
3. Cnucleophilic substitution, forming pentan-3-ol.
4. Dfree-radical substitution, forming a mixture of dibromopentanes.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Afunctional group
2. Bcis-trans
3. Coptical
4. Dpositional

1. Aan aldehyde
2. Ba carboxylic acid
3. Can alkene
4. Da ketone

1. Aa white precipitate of the ammonium salt
2. Ba yellow precipitate of triiodomethane
3. Can orange azo dye
4. Da colourless amide

Answer this when you sit the paper.

1. Aacid-catalysed hydrolysis, producing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
2. Besterification, producing an ester and water.
3. Cbase-catalysed hydrolysis (saponification), producing a carboxylate salt and an alcohol.
4. Dnucleophilic addition, producing a hemiacetal.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Tap to enlarge

1. Acarboxylic acid group.
2. Bsecondary amide group.
3. Ctertiary amine group.
4. Dnitro group.

Tap to enlarge

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Answer this when you sit the paper.