Paper 1 · the First Chimurenga: the Uprising in Mashonaland
A source on the uprising in Mashonaland states that about 450 whites were killed and 189 wounded, that nowhere else in colonial Africa did settlers suffer so many casualties, and that the victory 'became the white men title deeds over the country'. By that last phrase the writer means that the settlers...
Ahanded the country back to the defeated chiefs
Bwere given the whole country by the British parliament
Ctook the victory as their right to rule the country
Dbought the land from the chiefs they had beaten
Explanation: A title deed is the paper that proves ownership of land. The writer is saying that the settlers treated their military victory as if it were such a document, so that beating the risings became their claim to own and govern the country. Defeat left the African population without the means to challenge that claim for decades.
Derived from ZIMSEC History Paper 1, June 2019, Q1