History Paper 1 November 2025

1. Athe rains had not yet begun in Matabeleland
2. Bthe Ndebele had not yet hidden their weapons
3. Cthe men were needed to bring in the harvest
4. Dthe rivers were too low for the impis to cross

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1. Athe herds the Ndebele slaughtered for their own war feasts
2. Bthe wealth the Ndebele lost in the months before the rising
3. Cthe cattle the Ndebele had captured on raids into Mashonaland
4. Dthe meat the settlers were selling to the Ndebele in Bulawayo

1. Aeast into Mozambique to fight the Portuguese
2. Bsouth to the Cape to meet Cecil Rhodes
3. Cnorth across the Zambezi into Barotseland
4. Dinto the Transvaal, on a raid that failed

1. Ait gives no evidence of how people made a living
2. Bit cannot tell us what people thought or said
3. Cit works only on sites that have written records
4. Dit can be used only for the years after 1890

1. Ait is written in a language few Zimbabweans can read
2. Bdetails are lost or changed as the story passes down
3. Cit leaves out the achievements of the ruling family
4. Dit can be collected only from the national archives

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1. Amaize and potatoes
2. Bwheat and barley
3. Crice and cassava
4. Dsorghum and millet

1. Acommunities gave up cattle keeping and lived by hunting
2. Biron ploughs drawn by oxen replaced the hoe
3. Cfood could be stored, so villages stayed in one place
4. Diron tools were traded to Europe in exchange for cattle

1. Ait was paid in gold coins that could be traded overseas
2. Bit removed the need for the ruler to keep cattle of his own
3. Cit forced their subjects to move into the ruler's own village
4. Dit gave them wealth to reward followers and feed their courts

1. ALozwi, who had ruled the plateau before the Ndebele
2. BEnhla, taken in on the march through the Transvaal
3. CHoli, absorbed into the state inside Zimbabwe
4. DZansi, who had come with Mzilikazi from Nguniland

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1. Aa standing guard drawn only from the Holi class
2. Bcompanies of hired soldiers paid in cattle
3. Cage regiments called amabutho in their own towns
4. Dfamily groups fighting under their own local headmen

1. AJesuit missions among the Tonga people
2. Blarge estates held by Portuguese settlers
3. CPortuguese forts built along the sea coast
4. Dmarkets where Shona traders sold gold

1. Agold and ivory
2. Bsalt and iron
3. Ccopper and tin
4. Dcloth and beads

1. Aa partner in the gold trade with the Swahili
2. Bthe owner of all the prazos on the Zambezi
3. Chead of the Catholic Church in his own state
4. Da vassal of the king of Portugal

1. Acarpentry, building and sewing
2. Bgold smelting and the making of coins
3. Cgun making and horse breeding
4. Dprinting money and banking

1. Athey were taught to read and write at mission schools
2. Bthey were kept out of the mission schools by the church
3. Cthey were made to pay a tax to the mission station
4. Dthey were given land of their own by the missionaries

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1. AHenry Hartley, who hunted elephant for ivory
2. BRobert Moffat, who opened Inyati mission
3. CCharles Rudd, who won the 1888 concession
4. DKarl Mauch, who reported the gold reefs

1. Ahad been ordered to do so by the British queen
2. Bhoped the Europeans would fight the Portuguese
3. Cwanted the Europeans to teach them to write
4. Dwanted guns, cloth and other trade goods

1. Agive Africans a say in how their lands were ruled
2. Blay down rules for the partition of Africa
3. Cend the trade in gold and ivory from Africa
4. Dset up a single European colony in Africa

1. AAfricans were moved into the towns of Europe to work
2. BAfrican rulers were paid for the land they lost
3. Cthe whole continent came under one government
4. Dborders cut through communities and split families

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1. Awanted the queen to send him a British army
2. Bhad agreed to make his country a British colony
3. Cdoubted what the Rudd Concession really said
4. Dwished to sell his gold to the queen herself

1. Amake treaties, keep a police force and govern
2. Brule the whole of Africa south of the Zambezi
3. Cappoint the king of the Ndebele and the Shona
4. Dcollect taxes for the British government at home

1. Athe Ndebele attack on the Pioneer Column in 1890
2. Bthe Ndebele raid on the Shona near Fort Victoria
3. Cthe refusal of Lobengula to sign the Rudd Concession
4. Dthe killing of Portuguese traders at Bulawayo

1. Aused Maxim guns against massed regiments
2. Bfought during the rains when the rivers were full
3. Cwere far more numerous than the Ndebele
4. Dwere helped by Portuguese soldiers from Beira

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1. Athe Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union
2. Bthe Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army
3. Cthe Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army
4. Dthe Zimbabwe African National Union

1. Athe refusal of the settlers to build roads
2. Bthe ban on growing maize for food
3. Cthe closing of the mines in the reserves
4. Dthe loss of land to European settlers

1. Awere banned outright by the British government in London
2. Bdemanded the immediate end of colonial rule
3. Cwere led by chiefs who lived in the reserves
4. Dspoke only for a small educated group in the towns

1. Awanted to rule themselves instead of the Company
2. Bwished to join the Union of South Africa at once
3. Cwanted the British government to rule them directly
4. Dhoped the Ndebele king would be restored

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1. Atied to income and property, so few Africans qualified
2. Bgiven to Africans and Europeans on the same register
3. Cgiven to every adult living in the colony
4. Dheld only by men who had served in the First World War

1. A1923
2. B1930
3. C1953
4. D1965

1. Athe federal parliament sitting in Salisbury
2. BAfrican education and local government
3. Cthe copper mines of Northern Rhodesia
4. Ddefence, currency and external trade

1. AAfrican wages would be fixed by the British parliament
2. BNyasaland would become independent within ten years
3. Cthe settlers would give up their reserved seats
4. Dcopper money would pay for roads, dams and schools

1. A1953
2. B1962
3. C1965
4. D1979

1. Athe removal of the vote from white farmers
2. Ba ban on the sale of tobacco to South Africa
3. Cdetention without trial of nationalist leaders
4. Dthe closing of all the country's mission schools

1. Asold the railways to the British government
2. Bbuilt up local industry to replace imported goods
3. Cstopped growing tobacco and grew maize instead
4. Dclosed the border with South Africa and Mozambique

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1. Apresident
2. Bsecretary general
3. Ctreasurer
4. Dnational chairman

1. Asending the leaders to study in Britain
2. Ballowing all Africans to vote in elections
3. Cbanning each new party and detaining its leaders
4. Dbuying off the leaders with seats in the parliament

1. Amark the spot where the Pioneer Column camped
2. Bremember only the victims of the 1896 uprisings
3. Chonour those who died in the liberation struggle
4. Dhouse the remains of the country's colonial governors

1. Aan order from the OAU to stop the armed struggle
2. Ba refusal by the peasants to give them any food
3. Cshortage of food, medicines and weapons in the bush
4. Dthe closing of their bases in Mozambique by Frelimo

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1. Aa shortage of trained teachers for the new pupils
2. Ba refusal by parents to send girls to primary school
3. Ca fall in the number of children enrolling in schools
4. Dthe closing of teacher training colleges by the state

1. Alimiting secondary places to a chosen few
2. Bbuilding schools and ending primary school fees
3. Csending all pupils to schools in the towns
4. Dhanding the mission schools over to private owners

1. Aresettled families on former commercial farms
2. Bbought land for resettlement from Britain
3. Creturned the reserves to the traditional chiefs
4. Dgave every farm worker a plot in the towns

1. Athe Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation
2. Bthe Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission
3. Cthe Zimbabwe Republic Police Force
4. Dthe Zimbabwe Anti-Corruption Commission

1. Adetaining a person without charge or trial
2. Bholding an election by secret ballot
3. Ccharging a school fee at a private school
4. Drequiring a driver to carry a valid licence

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1. AZimbabwe African People's Union
2. BMovement for Democratic Change
3. CZimbabwe Unity Movement
4. DUnited African National Council

1. Aexecutive President
2. BPrime Minister
3. CGovernor General
4. DSpeaker of Parliament

1. Athe ending of free treatment for young children in clinics
2. Bthe closing of the country's mission hospitals
3. Cthe moving of the universities into the towns
4. Dthe building of rural clinics and primary schools

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1. AZambezi valley
2. BGreat Dyke
3. CGreat Escarpment
4. DHighveld ridge

1. Along spells spent away from their families
2. Bhaving to buy their own explosives and tools
3. Cbeing paid twice the wage of a farm worker
4. Dbeing forbidden to live near the mine itself

1. Afree to marry without her father's agreement
2. Bhead of her household when her husband died
3. Ctreated as a minor under the care of a male relative
4. Dentitled to own cattle and land in her own name and right

1. Agave women a share of their husband's wages by law
2. Braised the marriage age for women to twenty one
3. Cmade women adults at eighteen in their own right
4. Dallowed women to sit in the House of Assembly

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1. Amaize and wheat
2. Bmillet and sorghum
3. Ccoffee and tea
4. Dsoya beans and barley

1. Athe closing of the borders with all its neighbours
2. Bthe ending of all trade with South Africa
3. Ca rise in the price paid for the country's exports
4. Ddifficulty in getting loans and credit from abroad

Answer this when you sit the paper.