Danho
ZIMSEC O Level · 4044/1 · J2024

History Paper 1 June 2024

Questions
67
Total marks
550
Syllabus code
4044/1

Sit this paper online

Questions
67
Pass mark
41
Sit this paper

Answer every question in the printed order, get marked at the end, then see the answers.

The questions

Question 101

[1 marks]the First Chimurenga in Mashonaland, 1896-1897
A death warrant issued at Umtali on 13 April 1898 orders that the sentence of death on the prisoner Kaguvi be carried out within the walls of the Gaol of Salisbury. The clearest sign in that document that the authorities meant to go through with the execution is that it...
  1. Aasks the Registrar to look again at the evidence given
  2. Bnames the gaol, the date and the hours for the hanging
  3. Coffers the prisoner a discharge if he gives information
  4. Dleaves the day of the sentence for the gaoler to choose

Question 102

[1 marks]the First Chimurenga in Mashonaland, 1896-1897
A source on the Shona Rising of 1896 to 1897 records that the threat of famine caused by locusts led Central Shona leaders to contact a religious leader in search of locust medicine. Name that religious leader.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 103

[1 marks]the First Chimurenga in Mashonaland, 1896-1897
A Native Commissioner at Salisbury testified in 1897 that the Mashona war had as clearly defined a head as the last Zulu War, and that Mashayamombe's was the centre of the rebellion because Kaguvi was there. He argued in that way mainly because he wanted to show that...
  1. Athe rising had been provoked by the Company's taxes
  2. Bcapturing one leader would bring the war to an end
  3. Cthe Shona had no organisation worth fighting against
  4. Dthe settlers should abandon Mashonaland altogether

Question 104

[1 marks]the First Chimurenga in Mashonaland, 1896-1897
Two sources on the Shona Rising disagree. Modern historians write that the rising was neither pre-planned nor simultaneous and that the element of planning was non-existent, while a Native Commissioner writing in 1897 insisted it had a clearly defined head. They differ chiefly over whether the rising...
  1. Awas caused by locusts or by cattle disease
  2. Bwas directed by one central leadership
  3. Cbegan in the year 1896 or the year 1897
  4. Dwas fought mainly by the Ndebele people

Question 201

[1 marks]sources and uses of history
A reason for studying history is that it...
  1. Apredicts exactly what will happen in the future
  2. Bremoves the need to consult any other subject
  3. Cproves that every society develops the same way
  4. Dhelps people understand how the present came about

Question 202

[1 marks]sources and uses of history
A disadvantage of using archaeology as a historical source is that...
  1. Aexcavation cannot recover the names or ideas of people
  2. Bit can be applied only to sites in Southern Africa
  3. Cit requires written documents before a dig can start
  4. Dthe objects it finds are nearly always modern and worthless

Question 203

[1 marks]sources and uses of history
The rock paintings in the caves and shelters of Zimbabwe, which show hunting scenes and animals and are used as evidence for the country's precolonial past, are the work of which hunter gatherer people?

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 301

[1 marks]Stone Age to Iron Age societies of Southern Africa
An economic activity of Iron Age societies in Southern Africa was...
  1. Athe export of manufactured cloth to Europe
  2. Blarge scale plantation farming for a world market
  3. Cmining and working gold, copper and iron ore
  4. Dbanking and the lending of money at interest

Question 302

[1 marks]Stone Age to Iron Age societies of Southern Africa
A social change that came with the move from the Late Stone Age to the Early Iron Age was that people...
  1. Astopped burying their dead with any grave goods
  2. Babandoned family groups and lived alone in caves
  3. Cgave up farming and went back to gathering only wild food
  4. Dsettled in permanent villages instead of moving in bands

Question 303

[1 marks]Stone Age to Iron Age societies of Southern Africa
Name the process by which Early Iron Age communities heated iron ore with charcoal in a clay furnace to separate the metal from the rock.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 401

[1 marks]the Mapungubwe state
Among the artefacts recovered from the Mapungubwe state is...
  1. Aa printing press made of iron and hardwood
  2. Ba small rhinoceros covered in beaten gold
  3. Ca set of silver coins minted in Great Zimbabwe
  4. Da Portuguese cannon buried below the hill

Question 402

[1 marks]the Mapungubwe state
A factor that led to the rise of the Mapungubwe state was...
  1. Athe building of a railway linking it to Sofala
  2. Bits control of trade in gold and ivory to the coast
  3. Cthe discovery of diamonds in the Limpopo river bed
  4. Dthe arrival of Portuguese soldiers to guard its king

Question 403

[1 marks]the Mapungubwe state
Mapungubwe stands near the confluence of the Shashe river and one other large river, which today forms part of the border between Zimbabwe and South Africa. Name that river.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 501

[1 marks]the Mutapa state
Give the title borne by the ruler of the Mutapa state, which the Portuguese wrote down as Monomotapa.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 502

[1 marks]the Mutapa state
A benefit that long distance trade brought to the Mutapa state was that...
  1. Ait removed the need to grow crops or to keep cattle
  2. Bcloth and beads from the coast raised the ruler's prestige
  3. Cit ended all warfare between the Mutapa and his neighbours
  4. Dit supplied the state with horses for a mounted army

Question 503

[1 marks]the Mutapa state
Spirit mediums mattered to the growth of the Mutapa state chiefly because they...
  1. Agave religious backing to the ruler's right to govern
  2. Bcontrolled the gold mines worked on the plateau
  3. Ccommanded the army on the state's northern frontier
  4. Dcollected the tribute paid by the provincial chiefs

Question 601

[1 marks]the Portuguese, the prazos and the Rozvi in the Zambezi valley
A crop grown by the Portuguese on their prazos in the Zambezi valley was...
  1. Arubber
  2. Bcloves
  3. Ccocoa
  4. Dmaize

Question 602

[1 marks]the Portuguese, the prazos and the Rozvi in the Zambezi valley
The Rozvi contributed to the decline of Portuguese influence in the Zambezi valley by...
  1. Aconverting the prazo holders to their own religion
  2. Bbuying out the estates along the Zambezi river
  3. Cdriving the Portuguese off the plateau by force of arms
  4. Dsigning a treaty that closed the Indian Ocean ports

Question 603

[1 marks]the Portuguese, the prazos and the Rozvi in the Zambezi valley
Name the Rozvi leader whose armies attacked the Portuguese fairs and drove them off the Zimbabwe plateau in the 1690s.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 701

[1 marks]missionaries in nineteenth-century Zimbabwe
Name the Anglican mission school founded at Penhalonga, near present day Mutare, which became one of the church's best known schools in Zimbabwe.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 702

[1 marks]missionaries in nineteenth-century Zimbabwe
A method missionaries used to win African converts to Christianity between 1850 and 1900 was...
  1. Aopening schools where converts learned to read the Bible
  2. Bpaying every chief a yearly salary in gold and silver coin
  3. Cforbidding their followers to grow food crops
  4. Drecruiting African men into the British army

Question 703

[1 marks]missionaries in nineteenth-century Zimbabwe
One way Africans did benefit from missionary education between 1850 and 1900 was that it...
  1. Aproduced literate Africans able to argue their own case
  2. Babolished the hut tax across Southern Rhodesia
  3. Cgave every African family title to a farm of its own choosing
  4. Dgave Africans control of the colonial civil service

Question 801

[1 marks]the scramble for and colonisation of Zimbabwe
A reason European powers took part in the scramble for Zimbabwe was the belief that...
  1. Athe country held gold reefs as rich as the Rand
  2. Bthe plateau was empty of any settled population
  3. Cthe region offered a sea route to the Americas
  4. Dthe interior could supply cheap coal to Europe

Question 802

[1 marks]the scramble for and colonisation of Zimbabwe
A method used in the colonisation of Zimbabwe between 1850 and 1896 was...
  1. Aobtaining concessions and treaties from African rulers
  2. Ba plebiscite in which Africans voted for company rule
  3. Can exchange of territory agreed with the Zulu kingdom
  4. Dbuying the country outright from the Portuguese crown

Question 803

[1 marks]the scramble for and colonisation of Zimbabwe
Name the 1888 agreement, signed by Lobengula with agents of Cecil Rhodes, that granted away the mineral rights in his kingdom and was used to obtain the Royal Charter.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 901

[1 marks]the colonisation of Southern Africa and African resistance
An ethnic group that fought against colonisers in Southern Africa was the...
  1. AYoruba of the Niger delta
  2. BBaganda of the great lakes
  3. CZulu of present day KwaZulu Natal
  4. DAshanti of the West African forest

Question 902

[1 marks]the colonisation of Southern Africa and African resistance
Name the battle of January 1879 at which a Zulu army destroyed a British column, the heaviest defeat inflicted on a colonising power in Southern Africa.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 903

[1 marks]the colonisation of Southern Africa and African resistance
A method whites used to colonise Southern African kingdoms before 1900 was...
  1. Aholding elections in which Africans chose their own governor
  2. Bpaying rent to African rulers for the land they took
  3. Csigning treaties Africans understood in a narrower sense
  4. Dasking the United Nations to grant them a mandate

Question 1001

[1 marks]the Royal Charter and the British South Africa Company
In which year did Queen Victoria's government grant the Royal Charter to Cecil Rhodes's British South Africa Company?

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 1002

[1 marks]the Royal Charter and the British South Africa Company
A term of the Royal Charter granted to the British South Africa Company was that the Company could...
  1. Amake treaties, keep a police force and govern territory
  2. Bdeclare war on any European state without consent
  3. Cissue its own passports to all African residents
  4. Dsell the territory to a foreign power at any time

Question 1003

[1 marks]the Royal Charter and the British South Africa Company
The Royal Charter mattered to the colonisation of Zimbabwe mainly because it...
  1. Aguaranteed African chiefs seats in a new parliament
  2. Bsupplied money from the British Treasury for roads
  3. Csettled the boundary dispute with the Portuguese
  4. Dgave the occupation legal cover and an armed force

Question 1101

[1 marks]the First Chimurenga of 1896-1897
An important result of the First Chimurenga of 1896 to 1897 was that...
  1. AAfrican leaders were executed and land loss went on
  2. Bthe Company withdrew from Mashonaland altogether
  3. CAfricans were granted the vote in Southern Rhodesia
  4. Dthe Ndebele and Shona kingdoms were fully restored

Question 1102

[1 marks]the First Chimurenga of 1896-1897
Name the female spirit medium, tried and hanged in Salisbury in 1898, whose name was later taken up as a symbol of resistance in the liberation war.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 1103

[1 marks]the First Chimurenga of 1896-1897
African chiefs were affected by the defeat of the First Chimurenga in that they...
  1. Awere given large farms in the best farming areas of the country
  2. Bgained the right to collect taxes for their own use
  3. Clost their independence and became paid agents of the state
  4. Dwere removed from office and replaced by white farmers

Question 1201

[1 marks]British South Africa Company rule in Southern Rhodesia
Name the first Administrator of Mashonaland, appointed by the British South Africa Company in 1890 when the Pioneer Column reached Fort Salisbury.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 1202

[1 marks]British South Africa Company rule in Southern Rhodesia
An economic policy of the British South Africa Company in Southern Rhodesia between 1898 and 1923 was...
  1. Areserving the best farm land for African use only
  2. Bbuying African grain at prices above the market rate
  3. Clevying a hut tax that had to be paid in cash
  4. Dlending capital to African farmers at low interest

Question 1203

[1 marks]British South Africa Company rule in Southern Rhodesia
Africans were affected by the reserve system under Company rule because the reserves...
  1. Awere opened only to Africans who owned cattle
  2. Bwere placed along the main roads to the mining towns
  3. Clay on poor, dry land far from the markets and railways
  4. Dwere held by each family under a registered freehold title deed

Question 1301

[1 marks]settler legislation and the Land Apportionment Act
Name the 1951 law that forced Africans in the reserves to destock their cattle and limited each family to a fixed plot, and which became one of the grievances behind mass nationalism.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 1302

[1 marks]settler legislation and the Land Apportionment Act
An economic effect of the Land Apportionment Act of 1930 was that...
  1. AAfrican farmers won a guaranteed price for their maize
  2. BAfricans lost the better land and had to sell their labour
  3. Cthe reserves were enlarged to match the African population
  4. Dsettlers were barred from buying land near the railway

Question 1303

[1 marks]settler legislation and the Land Apportionment Act
The Land Apportionment Act contributed to the rise of mass nationalism in Southern Rhodesia because it...
  1. Ahanded the reserves over to elected African councils
  2. Bgave Africans a grievance shared across the whole country
  3. Callowed African political parties to hold public meetings
  4. Dcreated a wealthy African landowning class in the towns

Question 1401

[1 marks]the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Name the dam and hydroelectric scheme built on the Zambezi during the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, opened in 1960.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 1402

[1 marks]the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
An economic development during the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was that...
  1. Aall three territories adopted separate currencies
  2. BNorthern Rhodesia's copper mines were closed down
  3. CNyasaland became the centre of new manufacturing
  4. Dsecondary industry grew fast in Southern Rhodesia

Question 1403

[1 marks]the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Africans benefited from the developments of the Federation only to a limited extent because...
  1. Ano new schools or hospitals were opened at all
  2. Bthe gains went mostly to settlers and to the south
  3. CAfrican wages rose faster than settler wages did
  4. Dthe Federation lasted for less than one full year

Question 1501

[1 marks]UDI and sanctions on Rhodesia
Name the international organisation whose Security Council imposed sanctions on Rhodesia from 1966 after the Unilateral Declaration of Independence.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 1502

[1 marks]UDI and sanctions on Rhodesia
An aim of the sanctions imposed on Rhodesia in 1966 was to...
  1. Aforce the Smith regime to give up its illegal independence
  2. Bprotect Rhodesian tobacco growers from foreign competition
  3. Cprevent South Africa from trading with Mozambique
  4. Draise money for the British Treasury from Rhodesian trade

Question 1503

[1 marks]UDI and sanctions on Rhodesia
Sanctions weakened Rhodesia's economy only to a limited extent because...
  1. ABritain sent economic aid directly to Salisbury
  2. Bthe Security Council never made them binding on members
  3. CRhodesia produced no goods that could be traded abroad
  4. Dtrade continued through South Africa and Mozambique

Question 1601

[1 marks]mass nationalism in Southern Rhodesia 1957-1965
Name the mass nationalist party formed in Southern Rhodesia in 1957 with Joshua Nkomo as its president, and banned by the government in 1959.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 1602

[1 marks]mass nationalism in Southern Rhodesia 1957-1965
A challenge faced by mass nationalist movements between 1957 and 1965 was...
  1. Athe banning of parties and detention of their leaders
  2. Bthe refusal of other African states to recognise them
  3. Ca rule that barred them from operating in the reserves
  4. Da shortage of Africans willing to join any party

Question 1603

[1 marks]mass nationalism in Southern Rhodesia 1957-1965
The colonial government dealt with nationalist activity in this period mainly by...
  1. Aabolishing the reserves to remove the land grievance
  2. Bextending the vote to all African adults
  3. Cusing emergency laws to ban parties and detain leaders
  4. Dinviting nationalist leaders into the cabinet

Question 1701

[1 marks]the Second Chimurenga and the Internal Settlement
A role played by women during the armed struggle in Zimbabwe was that they...
  1. Asat as judges in the Rhodesian magistrates courts
  2. Brepresented the guerrilla armies at the United Nations
  3. Cran the mines that paid for the Rhodesian war effort
  4. Dcarried food, supplies and information to the fighters

Question 1702

[1 marks]the Second Chimurenga and the Internal Settlement
Name the churchman who led the United African National Council and signed the Internal Settlement with Ian Smith in March 1978, becoming Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia in 1979.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 1703

[1 marks]the Second Chimurenga and the Internal Settlement
The Rhodesian forces failed to stop peasants assisting the freedom fighters, even though they...
  1. Awithdrew all troops from the eastern border area
  2. Bgave every rural family a firearm for self defence
  3. Cmoved rural people into fenced protected villages
  4. Dpaid a monthly wage to everyone in the reserves

Question 1801

[1 marks]the constitution and government of Zimbabwe
A function of the Executive in Zimbabwe is to...
  1. Ainterpret the constitution when it is disputed
  2. Btry criminal cases and pass sentence on offenders
  3. Cdebate and pass the country's laws in parliament
  4. Dcarry out the laws and run the government ministries

Question 1802

[1 marks]the constitution and government of Zimbabwe
Which arm of the government of Zimbabwe interprets the law, settles disputes between citizens and decides whether an action of the state is constitutional?

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 1803

[1 marks]the constitution and government of Zimbabwe
A provision of the constitution of Zimbabwe is that...
  1. Aonly the President may propose a new law
  2. Bcitizens are guaranteed a declaration of rights
  3. Cministers may not be questioned by parliament
  4. Dthe courts may be closed during a state of emergency

Question 1901

[1 marks]agriculture and land reform in independent Zimbabwe
A benefit of conservation agriculture, known as pfumvudza or intwasa, to Zimbabwean farmers is that it...
  1. Aholds moisture in the soil and lifts yields on a small plot
  2. Bguarantees a fixed price for the crop at harvest time
  3. Callows a household to plant without buying seed or fertiliser
  4. Dremoves the need for any weeding during the season

Question 1902

[1 marks]agriculture and land reform in independent Zimbabwe
A positive development that came with the Land Reform Programme since independence is that...
  1. Acommercial farm output rose in every year after 2000
  2. Bthe country stopped needing to import any food at all
  3. Cmany families gained land that a few had held before
  4. Devery resettled farmer received a bank loan and a tractor

Question 1903

[1 marks]agriculture and land reform in independent Zimbabwe
Give either of the two local names, one Shona and one Ndebele, used for the conservation agriculture programme promoted to Zimbabwean farmers.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 2001

[1 marks]politics in independent Zimbabwe 1980-1990
Name the party led by Joshua Nkomo that signed the Unity Accord of 1987 with ZANU (PF).

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 2002

[1 marks]politics in independent Zimbabwe 1980-1990
A provision of the Zimbabwean Unity Accord of 1987 was that...
  1. AZimbabwe would return to a federal constitution
  2. Bthe army would be placed under British command
  3. Celections would be suspended for ten years
  4. Dthe two parties would unite under one leadership

Question 2003

[1 marks]politics in independent Zimbabwe 1980-1990
An external factor in the destabilisation of Zimbabwe between 1980 and 1990 was that...
  1. AZambia closed its border with Zimbabwe for a decade
  2. Bapartheid South Africa armed dissidents and raided targets
  3. CBritain sent troops to occupy the Midlands province
  4. Dthe Portuguese reoccupied the Zambezi valley

Question 2101

[1 marks]the rights of women in Zimbabwe
A problem faced by women in Zimbabwe is that they...
  1. Aare barred by law from attending secondary school
  2. Bmay not hold a bank account in their own name
  3. Chave limited access to land and credit of their own
  4. Dare excluded from voting in national elections

Question 2102

[1 marks]the rights of women in Zimbabwe
Name the 1982 Act of the Zimbabwean parliament which gave every person, woman as well as man, full adult legal status at the age of eighteen.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 2103

[1 marks]the rights of women in Zimbabwe
The Government of Zimbabwe has promoted the rights of women only to a limited extent because...
  1. Awomen have been kept out of parliament altogether
  2. Bgirls have been refused places in government schools
  3. Cno law on the position of women has ever been passed at all
  4. Dcustom and practice have changed more slowly than the law

Question 2201

[1 marks]land reform, foreign investment and Zimbabwe's international relations
A reaction of the international community to land reform in Zimbabwe since 2000 has been that...
  1. Athe United Nations sent peacekeeping troops to the farms
  2. BWestern states increased their development aid budgets
  3. Cthe Commonwealth admitted Zimbabwe to a new grouping
  4. DWestern states imposed targeted measures and cut aid

Question 2202

[1 marks]land reform, foreign investment and Zimbabwe's international relations
Name the United States law of 2001, known by its initials, which set conditions on American support for lending to Zimbabwe.

Answer this when you sit the paper.

Question 2203

[1 marks]land reform, foreign investment and Zimbabwe's international relations
Zimbabweans have benefited from foreign owned companies only to a limited extent because...
  1. Amuch of the profit those companies make leaves the country
  2. Bsuch companies are not permitted to employ any Zimbabweans
  3. Cthe companies pay no wages to their workers at all
  4. Dforeign firms are barred from operating in the mining sector

More sittings of this paper

The answers, and why they are the answers

Sit the paper here to see which ones you got right. Danho explains every question, keeps your score, and works without a connection.