Combined Science Paper 2 June 2024

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1. Aanther and filament
2. Bfilament and stigma
3. Covary and stigma
4. Dpetal and sepal

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1. AThe day length in June is too short, and seeds need light before they germinate.
2. BJune is the coldest month, so the temperature was below the optimum germination needs.
3. CThe seeds were short of water, because irrigation gives less water than rain does.
4. DThe soil held too much oxygen, and excess oxygen stops the embryo from respiring.

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1. Apeer pressure
2. Btolerance to the drug
3. Cwithdrawal from the drug
4. Dphysical dependence

1. AA birth mass higher than that of a baby born to a woman who does not smoke.
2. BA pregnancy that lasts several weeks longer than the usual full term.
3. CA reduced chance of miscarriage during the first three months of pregnancy.
4. DA birth mass lower than that of a baby born to a woman who does not smoke.

1. ADamage to the heart and the muscles, together with difficulty in breathing.
2. BA thicker, stronger lining in the airways that traps more dust than before.
3. CA rise in the number of red blood cells, so that more oxygen reaches the tissues.
4. DFaster removal of urea from the blood, so that the kidneys work less hard.

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1. Aan acid and a metal to form a salt and hydrogen gas.
2. Ban acid and a base to form a salt and water.
3. Ca metal and oxygen to form a metal oxide and nothing else.
4. Da salt and water to form an acid and a base once more.

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1. Acontain the same number of carbon atoms in every one of their members.
2. Bshare the same general formula and the same functional group.
3. Call react with water to produce a salt and hydrogen gas.
4. Dhave exactly the same relative molecular mass as one another.

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1. Aa hydrocarbon contains carbon and hydrogen only, and ethanol also contains oxygen.
2. Ba hydrocarbon must contain at least three carbon atoms, and ethanol has just two.
3. Ca hydrocarbon must be a gas at room temperature, and ethanol is a liquid instead.
4. Da hydrocarbon must burn in air, and ethanol fails to burn when it is set alight.

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1. Achemical energy to electrical energy to light energy
2. Bchemical energy to light energy to electrical energy
3. Clight energy to chemical energy to electrical energy
4. Delectrical energy to chemical energy to light energy

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1. Athe acceleration of a body is proportional to the resultant force acting on it.
2. Ba body stays at rest, or moves at steady speed, unless a resultant force acts.
3. Cthe total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after it.
4. Daction and reaction forces are equal in size and opposite in direction.

1. AA car speeds up more quickly when the driver presses harder on the accelerator.
2. BA stone dropped from a roof moves faster the longer it stays falling in the air.
3. CA person seated on a chair pushes down on it and the chair pushes back up equally.
4. DA ball rolling along level ground gradually slows down and finally comes to rest.

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1. AVertically upwards, away from the surface the box rests on.
2. BVertically downwards, into the surface the box rests on.
3. CTo the left, in the same direction as the pull on the box.
4. DTo the right, opposite to the direction of the pull on the box.

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1. ARunning to the store room so that apparatus is fetched as quickly as possible.
2. BOpening the windows so that fumes given off can escape from the room.
3. CEating a snack at the bench while an experiment is still running there.
4. DTasting a small amount of a chemical to find out what it is before using it.

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1. AA fire extinguisher aimed at the base of the flames.
2. BDry sand poured steadily over the burning liquid.
3. CWater poured directly onto the burning oil.
4. DA fire blanket laid gently over the burning container.

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1. AHazardous substances can leak out of the waste and pollute the soil around it.
2. BIt gives off smoke and gases that pollute the air above the disposal site.
3. CIt needs costly processing plants before the waste can be used again.
4. DIt leaves an open pit that becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes.

1. AHazardous substances leak from the waste into the soil below the site.
2. BSmoke and gases from the fire pollute the air, and the fire may spread.
3. CHeavy processing machinery is needed before the waste can be used again.
4. DStanding water collects at the site and becomes a breeding place for vectors.

1. Athe nose adds extra oxygen to the air, so a deeper breath is not needed.
2. Bthe nose takes carbon dioxide out of the air on its way down to the lungs.
3. Chairs and mucus in the nose trap dust and germs before air reaches the lungs.
4. Dthe nose raises the pressure of the air so that it moves into the lungs faster.

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1. Athe alveolus pumps oxygen into the blood using energy released by respiration.
2. Boxygen dissolves in the plasma and is then pushed across by the beating heart.
3. Coxygen is more concentrated in the alveolus than in the blood, so it diffuses in.
4. Doxygen is more concentrated in the blood than in the alveolus, so it diffuses out.

1. AAerobic respiration needs oxygen and releases more energy than anaerobic respiration.
2. BAerobic respiration needs no oxygen and releases less energy than anaerobic respiration.
3. CAnaerobic respiration breaks glucose right down to carbon dioxide and water.
4. DAnaerobic respiration in muscle gives out more energy per glucose molecule.

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1. Avagina, oviduct, cervix, uterus
2. Bvagina, uterus, cervix, oviduct
3. Cvagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct
4. Dvagina, cervix, oviduct, uterus

1. AIt stores the food that the sperm uses on its way towards the egg.
2. BIt dissolves a path through the outer layer of the egg cell.
3. CIt lets the sperm swim through the fluid to reach the egg.
4. DIt carries the spare chromosomes that the sperm passes to the egg.

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1. AThey release the energy the sperm needs to keep its tail beating.
2. BThey store the yolk that will feed the embryo after fertilisation.
3. CThey hold the chromosomes that the sperm carries into the egg cell.
4. DThey make the enzymes that break down the outer layer of the egg.

1. AThe egg cell is streamlined in shape, while the sperm cell is round.
2. BThe egg cell is larger than the sperm cell and it has no tail.
3. CThe egg cell is smaller than the sperm cell and it has a long tail.
4. DThe egg cell carries an acrosome, while the sperm cell carries none.

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1. Athree shells, holding 2, 8 and 8 electrons
2. Bfour shells, holding 2, 8, 6 and 1 electrons
3. Ctwo shells, holding 2 electrons and then 15 electrons
4. Dthree shells, holding 2, 8 and 7 electrons

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1. AA shiny grey solid that conducts heat and electricity well.
2. BA reddish brown liquid that does not conduct electricity.
3. CA pale yellow gas that dissolves in water to give an acid.
4. DA colourless gas that conducts electricity readily.

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1. Achlorine is more reactive than bromine, since reactivity falls down Group VII.
2. Bchlorine is less reactive than bromine, since reactivity rises down Group VII.
3. Cchlorine has a larger atom than bromine, so it holds the bromide ions tightly.
4. Dchlorine and bromine are equally reactive, so the two simply exchange places.

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1. AIt conducts heat well and it is denser than most of the other metals.
2. BIt is magnetic and so it sticks firmly onto the iron underneath it.
3. CIt is the cheapest metal to buy and it is harder than iron itself.
4. DIt looks attractive and it resists corrosion, so the ring keeps its shine.

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1. ASodium, because it is soft enough to be pressed onto the ring by hand.
2. BIron, because it is the same metal as the ring and so bonds to it well.
3. CPotassium, because it reacts quickly and leaves a shiny layer on the ring.
4. DSilver, because it is attractive and resists corrosion, and costs less than gold.

1. AA physical change is easy to reverse, while a chemical change is not easy to reverse.
2. BA physical change alters the chemical properties, while a chemical change leaves them the same.
3. CA physical change gives out energy, while a chemical change takes in no energy at all.
4. DA physical change forms a new substance, while a chemical change forms a mixture.

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1. Amagnesium + steam gives magnesium hydroxide + oxygen
2. Bmagnesium + steam gives magnesium hydride + oxygen
3. Cmagnesium + steam gives magnesium oxide + hydrogen
4. Dmagnesium + steam gives magnesium carbonate + hydrogen

1. Ait gains electrons and is itself reduced during the reaction.
2. Bit gives up oxygen to the steam and is itself reduced in the process.
3. Cit takes hydrogen from the steam, so it is neither oxidised nor reduced.
4. Dit gives up electrons and is itself oxidised during the reaction.

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1. AIt is hard but brittle, and it cannot easily be welded.
2. BIt is soft and easily bent, and it can be drawn out into a thin wire.
3. CIt is light and flexible, and it springs back into shape after bending.
4. DIt melts below the temperature of boiling water and sets again on cooling.

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1. AIt can be measured on a scale and plotted as a smooth curve of results.
2. BIt gives a smooth range of values between two extremes, such as body height.
3. CIt is caused by the environment alone and is not affected by the genes.
4. DIt gives a few clear cut groups with no in between values, such as blood group.

1. AFive diagonal lines drawn one beside the other.
2. BFour vertical lines crossed by one diagonal line.
3. CFive vertical lines drawn with no diagonal line.
4. DThree vertical lines crossed by two diagonal lines.

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1. AThe range of the values, found by subtracting the smallest from the largest.
2. BThe length of the bar for each item, found from its share of the total.
3. CThe angle at the centre for each item, found from its share of the total.
4. DThe gradient of the line joining the plotted points for each item.

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1. ADraw a vertical axis showing the number of items.
2. BLabel each sector with the item that it represents.
3. CMeasure the radius of the circle and record its value.
4. DJoin the centre of the circle to each plotted point.

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1. Apressure in a liquid decreases with depth, so the top takes a greater pressure.
2. Bthe water at the base is denser than the water at the surface, so it weighs more.
3. Ca thicker base lets the water flow out more slowly through the gates below.
4. Dpressure in a liquid increases with depth, so the base takes a greater pressure.

1. AThe liquid is pushed up the tube because pressure is greatest at the surface.
2. BAtmospheric pressure on the liquid surface pushes it up the tube and out lower down.
3. CThe tube warms the liquid so that it expands and flows out of the far end.
4. DThe liquid is pulled up the tube by suction, which acts as a force upwards.

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1. Athe opposition of a conductor to the flow of charge.
2. Bthe amount of charge stored on the plates of a cell.
3. Cthe rate of flow of charge round a complete circuit.
4. Dthe energy given to each unit of charge by the cell.

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1. AIt stores charge so that it can be used later in the circuit.
2. BIt reduces the current so that the bulbs are not damaged.
3. CIt measures the voltage across the cell driving the circuit.
4. DIt measures the size of the current flowing in the circuit.

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1. Athe current in a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it, at constant temperature.
2. Bthe voltage across a conductor is inversely proportional to its resistance, at constant current.
3. Cthe current in a conductor is inversely proportional to the voltage across it, at constant temperature.
4. Dthe resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to the current through it, at constant voltage.