Paper 1 · The Spirit World and Ancestors
The vadzimu (family ancestors) differ from mashave (alien spirits) in that the vadzimu are...
Adeparted elders of the person's own family line
Bspirits of strangers who died far away from home
Cspirits of people wronged in life who demand redress
Dspirits of the clan's territory consulted about rain
Explanation: Vadzimu are a family's own departed elders, who remain members of the family and are approached through the living elder. A shave is the spirit of a stranger, a ngozi is the avenging spirit of someone wronged, and a mhondoro is a clan or territorial spirit.
Derived from ZIMSEC Family and Religious Studies Paper 1, November 2020, Q1