Physics Paper 2 November 2025

1. AThey are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, but share the same line of action.
2. BThey are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and act along parallel lines a distance apart.
3. CThey are unequal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and act along parallel lines a distance apart.
4. DThey are equal in magnitude and act in the same direction, along parallel lines a distance apart.

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1. A35.8 degrees to the 12 N force
2. B24.6 degrees to the 12 N force
3. C27.0 degrees to the 12 N force
4. D30.0 degrees to the 12 N force

1. Athe work done per unit mass in bringing a small test mass from infinity to that point.
2. Bthe energy stored per unit volume of the field in the region around that point.
3. Cthe force per unit mass acting on a small test mass placed at that point.
4. Dthe gravitational force with which the earth attracts a mass of one kilogram there.

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1. Athe transfer of energy from a driver to an oscillator that is free to vibrate at any frequency.
2. Bthe change in the natural frequency of a system when extra mass is attached to it.
3. Cthe loss of energy from an oscillating system to resistive forces, so its amplitude falls.
4. Dthe rise in amplitude of an oscillating system when it is driven at its natural frequency.

1. Aa suspension bridge carries a far greater load than a beam bridge does, so a strong wind adds more stress to it.
2. Ba suspension bridge is built from steel cable rather than concrete, and steel is weakened faster by wind.
3. Ca suspension bridge has a natural frequency far above any frequency the wind can supply, so wind energy builds in it.
4. Da suspension bridge is flexible and lightly damped with a low natural frequency, so wind drives it into resonance.

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1. Athe force per unit positive charge acting on a small test charge placed at that point.
2. Bthe work done per unit positive charge in bringing a test charge from infinity to that point.
3. Cthe charge stored per unit potential difference between two chosen points in the field.
4. Dthe potential difference per unit charge measured between two chosen points in the field.

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1. AVertically downwards, running from the positive plate towards the negative plate.
2. BVertically upwards, running from the negative plate towards the positive plate.
3. CInto the page, perpendicular to both the beam and the electric field.
4. DOut of the page, perpendicular to both the beam and the electric field.

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1. Athe steady direct voltage that would dissipate the same average power in a given resistor.
2. Bthe peak value of the alternating voltage divided by two over one complete cycle.
3. Cthe average of all the instantaneous values of the alternating voltage over one cycle.
4. Dthe largest instantaneous value the alternating voltage reaches during one complete cycle.

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1. Aits voltage can be stepped up or down efficiently by a transformer at each end of the line.
2. Bit dissipates less power in the cables than a direct current at exactly the same voltage.
3. Cit can be carried by a thinner cable than a direct current at exactly the same voltage.
4. Dit travels along a transmission line faster than a direct current of the same size does.

1. Aa higher voltage pushes the current along the cables at a greater speed, so the energy arrives with less delay.
2. Ba higher voltage lowers the resistance of the transmission cables themselves, so far less energy is wasted as heat.
3. Ca higher voltage means a smaller current for the same power, so the heating loss in the line is smaller.
4. Da higher voltage means a larger current for the same power, so more of the energy reaches the consumer.

1. AWhen A = 0, B = 0 and when A = 1, B = 1, that is whenever the two inputs are the same.
2. BWhen A = 0, B = 1 and when A = 1, B = 0, that is whenever the two inputs are different.
3. CWhen A = 1, B = 1 only, that is whenever both of the two inputs are at logic 1.
4. DWhen A = 0, B = 0 only, that is whenever both of the two inputs are at logic 0.

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1. Aan analogue signal cannot be carried along an optic fibre at all, while a digital signal can.
2. Ba digital signal is attenuated far less by a copper cable than an analogue signal of the same power.
3. Ca digital signal needs no repeater amplifiers however long the transmission route becomes.
4. Da digital signal can be regenerated exactly at a repeater, so the noise picked up is removed.

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1. Athe work done per unit volume in stretching the rubber from its natural length to its full extension.
2. Bthe difference in the Young modulus of the rubber between the loading and the unloading stage.
3. Cthe elastic potential energy per unit volume that the rubber gives back when the load is removed.
4. Dthe energy per unit volume dissipated as heat in the rubber during each loading and unloading cycle.

1. AA smaller loop means the belt has a lower Young modulus, so a less powerful drive motor is needed.
2. BA smaller loop means less energy is lost as heat each cycle, so the belt runs cooler and lasts longer.
3. CA smaller loop means the rubber is working closer to its breaking stress, so it can carry a heavier load.
4. DA smaller loop means the belt stretches further under load, so it grips the drive rollers more firmly.

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1. AThe photoelectric current increases steadily as the illuminated area of the metal is made larger.
2. BBelow a threshold frequency no electrons are emitted at all, however intense the light is made.
3. CThe number of electrons emitted each second rises as the intensity of the incident light is raised.
4. DThe electrons are emitted from the surface of the metal rather than from deep inside the metal.

1. Atotal internal reflection of the signal at the boundary around the inner conductor.
2. Bscattering of the signal by impurities in the glass from which the core has been drawn.
3. Cthe signal spreading out into an ever wider beam as it travels further along the cable.
4. Dthe resistance of the copper conductors, which turns part of the signal energy into heat.

1. Areflection of the signal back towards the transmitter each time the fibre is made to bend.
2. Babsorption by impurities in the glass together with scattering by irregularities within it.
3. Cthe cladding having a higher refractive index than the core, which lets the light leak away.
4. Dthe resistance of the glass core, which turns part of the signal into heat as a current flows.

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